Essential Gear for an Emergency Kit—for Cars or Go-Bags

应急包必备装备——适用于汽车或随身应急包

You never know when you’re going to have to bug out on short notice. The politics of the moment are less than predictable. Disasters never strike on schedule, and few stores stay open for a wildfire or an insurrection. As of early 2026, wildfires and the resulting chaos look especially likely in the American West after record-low snowpack levels in the winter, which will also mean less water in the spring and summer. 你永远不知道什么时候需要紧急撤离。当前的政治局势难以预测。灾难从不按计划发生，而在野火或暴乱期间，很少有商店会继续营业。截至2026年初，由于冬季积雪量创下历史新低，美国西部发生野火及随之而来的混乱的可能性极大，这也意味着春夏季节的水资源将更加匮乏。

That’s why it’s important to make plans well in advance and put together gear for an emergency kit, say experts on disaster preparedness—and to stock up on the essentials that can keep your family healthy and safe in the event of hurricane, flood, earthquake, blizzard, wildfire, or all-too-human failures. 灾难准备专家表示，这就是为什么提前制定计划并准备好应急包至关重要——你需要储备必要的物资，以确保你的家人在飓风、洪水、地震、暴风雪、野火或人为灾难发生时保持健康与安全。

But not every disaster is the same. There are two main scenarios you should keep your family prepared for, says Jonathan Sury, a senior staff associate at Columbia University’s National Center for Disaster Preparedness. 但并非每种灾难都一样。哥伦比亚大学国家灾难准备中心的高级职员乔纳森·苏里（Jonathan Sury）表示，你应该为两种主要情况做好家庭准备。

In some cases, you may have to jump into a car with a go bag, or a bug-out bag, outfitted with the barest essentials, such as a three-day supply of water, purification tablets or water filters, a good flashlight, and batteries. A fast-moving wildfire might be a good example of this scenario. In others, like a severe snowstorm, you may be left sheltering in place, possibly without tap water or access to the power grid—and in serious need of a good power bank or two. Regional wildfires may also require long-term emergency prep, when taking into account smoke inhalation and potential public safety power shutoffs. 在某些情况下，你可能需要带着装有最基本必需品的“随身应急包”（go bag/bug-out bag）跳上车撤离，例如三天的饮用水、净水片或滤水器、优质手电筒和电池。快速蔓延的野火就是一个典型的例子。而在其他情况下，比如严重的暴风雪，你可能需要居家避难，届时可能会断水或断电，因此非常需要一两个好用的充电宝。考虑到烟雾吸入和潜在的公共安全断电，区域性野火也可能需要长期的应急准备。

“You have to think in that mindset of, ‘We could have power out,’” said National Weather Service preparedness lead Charlie Woodrum. “‘We could lose it for a couple days, or up to even a week, and we also could lose water’ … You have to plan for both power outages and for loss of water.” At that time, in January, he was speaking ahead of a historic winter storm season across much of the United States. But the same assumptions can apply to other disasters, from earthquakes to wind and fire. “你必须抱有这种心态：‘我们可能会断电，’”国家气象局准备工作负责人查理·伍德拉姆（Charlie Woodrum）说。“‘我们可能会断电几天，甚至长达一周，我们也可能会断水’……你必须同时为停电和断水做好计划。”当时是一月份，他是在美国大部分地区经历历史性冬季风暴季节之前发表上述言论的。但同样的假设也适用于从地震到风灾和火灾等其他灾难。

Here’s how to prepare for a shorter-term emergency—and what to stock up on in advance. This isn’t a survival guide to civil war or the apocalypse, of course. But the advice and gear here should help you and your family safely weather a natural disaster such as a storm, a flood, an earthquake, or a wildfire–not to mention a systemic failure in your water system or power grid. 以下是如何为短期紧急情况做准备，以及提前储备哪些物资。当然，这不是一份关于内战或世界末日的生存指南。但这里的建议和装备应该能帮助你和你的家人安全度过自然灾害，如风暴、洪水、地震或野火，更不用说供水系统或电网的系统性故障了。

Also take note of my colleague Adrienne So’s advice that the best form of emergency prep involves getting to know your neighbors, and WIRED’s Guide to Surviving Extreme Weather, as well as WIRED’s guide to finding reliable emergency information amid much-diminished federal resources. More worried about losing your job? Check out WIRED’s guide to a digital go bag for when you’re forced to bug out from work. 此外，请注意我的同事阿德里安·索（Adrienne So）的建议：最好的应急准备是了解你的邻居。同时，请参考《连线》（WIRED）的《极端天气生存指南》，以及在联邦资源大幅缩减的情况下寻找可靠应急信息的指南。更担心失业？请查看《连线》关于“数字应急包”的指南，以备你被迫从工作中撤离时使用。

Update April 2026: I incorporated advice from University of Oregon wildfire experts Heidi Huber-Stearns and Amanda Stasiewicz, and added additional context on wildfire preparedness. I added multiple power banks, including one from Nimble and one from Ridge, as well as the Watch Duty wildfire awareness app. I also added the MERV 13 air filters and a box fan needed for making a DIY air purifier in a pinch. Pricing and descriptions have also been updated, with unavailable products swapped out where necessary. 2026年4月更新：我采纳了俄勒冈大学野火专家海蒂·胡伯-斯特恩斯（Heidi Huber-Stearns）和阿曼达·斯塔西维奇（Amanda Stasiewicz）的建议，并增加了关于野火准备的背景信息。我添加了多款充电宝（包括Nimble和Ridge的产品）以及Watch Duty野火预警应用程序。我还增加了在紧急情况下制作DIY空气净化器所需的MERV 13空气滤网和箱式风扇。价格和描述也已更新，并在必要时替换了缺货产品。

What Should You Put in Your Emergency Go Bag?

你的应急包里应该放什么？

Often, you have a bit of warning before an emergency lands on your doorstep. But an evacuation order can arrive with unsettling suddenness—and by the time everyone in your area is raiding the local supermarkets for water and purification tablets, it may be too late to secure your own. This is especially true in case of a sudden boil-water notice. 通常，在紧急情况降临之前，你会得到一些预警。但撤离命令可能会突然下达，令人不安——等到你所在地区的所有人都去当地超市抢购水和净水片时，你可能已经来不及储备自己的物资了。在突然发布“煮沸饮用水通知”的情况下，情况尤其如此。

Your list of essential items for your emergency preparedness kit will depend on your circumstances, your family, and your needs. As of October 2025, the Federal Emergency Management Agency keeps an emergency kit checklist on its website. Columbia University also maintains online resources on how to prepare or respond to specific disasters and emergencies, including an online preparedness wizard to help each family understand their own emergency needs. 你的应急准备包清单将取决于你的具体情况、家庭成员和需求。截至2025年10月，联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）在其网站上提供了一份应急包检查清单。哥伦比亚大学也维护着关于如何准备或应对特定灾难和紧急情况的在线资源，包括一个在线准备向导，帮助每个家庭了解自己的应急需求。

For wildfire preparedness specifically, University of Oregon wildfire expert Amanda Stasiewicz recommends protecting your home in advance of any sudden bug-outs by following home preparation advice from the nonprofit Institute for Business and Home Safety. This includes creating a defensible zone by removing all flammable materials within a 5-foot radius of the home, including doormats, and potted plants. 针对野火准备，俄勒冈大学野火专家阿曼达·斯塔西维奇建议，在任何突发撤离之前，应遵循非营利组织“商业与家庭安全研究所”（IBHS）的家庭准备建议来保护你的房屋。这包括通过清除房屋周围5英尺半径内的所有易燃材料（包括门垫和盆栽植物）来创建一个防御区。

But it’s also good to maintain a baseline emergency kit so you and your family are ready for … whatever. Here’s a good starter kit of essential items to put in your go bag and keep ready at home or in the car. 但保持一个基础的应急包也是明智之举，这样你和你的家人就能为……任何情况做好准备。以下是一份基础应急包清单，你可以将其放入随身包中，并在家中或车内备好。

Food, Water, and Water Purification

食物、水和净水设备

Sury and other emergency preparedness experts recommend keeping a gallon of water per person per day, not just for hydration but for food preparation, sanitation, and all the other nice things we need water for. Sury keeps a week’s supply of water at the ready at home, which can be purified with simple household… 苏里和其他应急准备专家建议，每人每天储备一加仑水，这不仅是为了补水，还为了准备食物、卫生清洁以及我们用水所需的其他一切用途。苏里在家中准备了一周的用水量，这些水可以用简单的家用……（注：原文此处截断）