Musk’s Europe gamble: Will others follow the Dutch and approve FSD?

马斯克的欧洲豪赌：其他国家会效仿荷兰批准 FSD 吗？

Following last year’s Tesla shareholder vote, CEO Elon Musk’s near-incomprehensible wealth is now inextricably linked in part to the number of active “FSD” subscriptions his electric car company can sign up. And last month, the Dutch vehicle regulator RDW made that a little easier by approving FSD for use on its roads. 继去年特斯拉股东投票通过后，首席执行官埃隆·马斯克那令人难以理解的巨额财富，现在已在一定程度上与他的电动汽车公司能签下的“FSD”（全自动驾驶）活跃订阅数量紧密挂钩。上个月，荷兰车辆监管机构 RDW 批准了 FSD 在其道路上使用，这让马斯克的目标实现得更容易了一些。

Now, the RDW will ask the rest of the European Union to follow suit, opening up a new market of 450 million potential new customers for the driver assist. But it’s no foregone conclusion: Tesla faces plenty of skepticism from other European regulators, according to a report published today by Reuters. 现在，RDW 将要求欧盟其他成员国效仿，为该驾驶辅助系统打开一个拥有 4.5 亿潜在新客户的新市场。但结果并非板上钉钉：据路透社今天发布的一份报告显示，特斯拉正面临其他欧洲监管机构的诸多质疑。

Among the goals Musk must meet if he wants all 423.7 million shares in his new contract—current market value $1.7 trillion: Over the next decade Tesla needs at least 10 million subs on the hook. Those kinds of numbers are unachievable if he has to rely just on North American users; Tesla needs Europe and China to say yes, too. 如果马斯克想要获得其新合同中全部 4.237 亿股股票（当前市值 1.7 万亿美元），他必须实现的目标之一是：在未来十年内，特斯拉至少需要吸引 1000 万名订阅用户。如果仅依赖北美用户，这样的数字是无法实现的；特斯拉还需要欧洲和中国的认可。

But neither China nor the EU has quite the same attitude toward consumer safety that we do in the US, where our government has decided to implicitly trust companies like Tesla at their word when they say a new product is safe. Instead, Chinese and European regulators require premarket approval before letting something loose on their roads. 然而，中国和欧盟对消费者安全的态度与美国并不完全相同。在美国，政府决定在特斯拉等公司声称新产品安全时，就默认信任其承诺。相反，中国和欧洲的监管机构要求在产品投放道路之前，必须先通过上市前审批。

FSD or sparkling driver-assist?

是 FSD 还是“带气泡”的驾驶辅助？

Indeed, the differences between what Tesla is calling FSD in Europe and what it calls FSD in the US go beyond the $99/month versus 99 euro/month price tags. The Dutch-approved build of FSD drives more conservatively, monitors its human driver more frequently, and requires they be ready to put their hands on the wheel at a moment’s notice; American FSD lets drivers take their hands off the wheel on the highway and does not (yet?) comply with UN R-171 regulations. 事实上，特斯拉在欧洲所称的 FSD 与在美国所称的 FSD 之间的差异，不仅仅在于每月 99 美元与每月 99 欧元的定价。荷兰批准的 FSD 版本驾驶风格更保守，对人类驾驶员的监控更频繁，并要求驾驶员随时准备好将手放在方向盘上；而美国的 FSD 允许驾驶员在高速公路上松开双手，且（目前）尚未符合联合国 R-171 法规。

Some other features are absent as of now—there’s no summon, and it’s not meant for use on most urban roads. RDW’s approval took 18 months and was based on more than a million miles (1.6 million km) driven on EU roads, 13,000 customer ride-alongs, and several filing cabinets full of documents. And, based on its judgment, it says the system is safe if used properly. 目前，一些其他功能尚未提供——例如没有“召唤”功能，且该系统不适用于大多数城市道路。RDW 的审批过程耗时 18 个月，基于在欧盟道路上行驶超过 100 万英里（160 万公里）的测试、1.3 万次客户随车体验，以及数个文件柜的文档资料。根据其评估，RDW 表示只要使用得当，该系统是安全的。

Today, RDW will present its findings to other European regulators. At some point, probably later this summer, the Technical Committee on Motor Vehicles will vote whether or not to adopt RDW’s approval across the rest of the EU; Tesla needs 15 of the 27 member states to say yes to make that happen. 今天，RDW 将向其他欧洲监管机构提交其调查结果。在今年夏天的某个时候（可能较晚），机动车技术委员会将投票决定是否在欧盟其他地区采纳 RDW 的审批结果；特斯拉需要 27 个成员国中的 15 个投赞成票才能实现这一目标。

Based on emails seen by Reuters, some of those other regulators are skeptical. A Swedish official was “quite surprised” to learn the system had been programmed to break speed limits, something he would not condone. He also questioned if the name FSD “risks giving consumers a misleading impression,” something that critics have long maintained results from Tesla’s naming practices. 根据路透社看到的一封电子邮件，其他一些监管机构对此持怀疑态度。一位瑞典官员在得知该系统被编程为可以超速行驶时感到“非常惊讶”，并表示他绝不容忍这种行为。他还质疑 FSD 这个名称“是否会给消费者带来误导性印象”，批评人士长期以来一直认为特斯拉的命名方式会导致这种后果。

Winter performance was another concern: “Are they really introducing a system that allows hands-free driving also on icy 80 km/h roads?” asked a Finnish official, who also raised the issue of large-animal collisions—think Sweden’s famous moose test. Emails also show Tesla’s aggressive lobbying of Swedish regulators to copy the Dutch just days after RDW announced its approval and before the Swedes had reviewed any of the relevant documents. 冬季性能是另一个担忧点：“他们真的要引入一种在结冰的 80 公里/小时限速道路上也能实现免手驾驶的系统吗？”一位芬兰官员问道，他还提出了大型动物碰撞的问题——想想瑞典著名的“麋鹿测试”。电子邮件还显示，在 RDW 宣布批准后的几天内，在瑞典方面尚未审查任何相关文件之前，特斯拉就积极游说瑞典监管机构效仿荷兰的做法。

The next meetings of the Technical Committee—when it could hold a possible vote—are in July and October. 机动车技术委员会的下一次会议（届时可能会进行投票）定于 7 月和 10 月举行。