Passengers from hantavirus ship arrive in US; 3 people in biocontainment
Passengers from hantavirus ship arrive in US; 3 people in biocontainment
汉坦病毒邮轮乘客抵达美国；3人被送入生物防护设施
The cruise ship rocked by an unprecedented Andes hantavirus outbreak arrived in the Canary Islands off the coast of Tenerife Island over the weekend and is being evacuated. At least one new case has been identified amid the disembarkment. 受前所未有的安第斯汉坦病毒（Andes hantavirus）疫情影响的游轮于周末抵达特内里费岛海岸外的加那利群岛，目前正在进行撤离工作。在下船过程中，至少已确认新增一例病例。
As of Monday morning, officials for the World Health Organization reported that the last of the passengers of the MV Hondius cruise ship are expected to be evacuated today. Thirty crew will remain on board and see the ship back to Rotterdam in the Netherlands. Prior to the evacuation there were 147 people on board. 截至周一上午，世界卫生组织官员报告称，“MV Hondius”号游轮的最后几名乘客预计将于今日撤离。30名船员将留守船上，并将船只开回荷兰鹿特丹。撤离前，船上共有147人。
All of those evacuated from the ship are being transported off the island on specially arranged repatriation flights, not commercial flights. The evacuations and flights are being coordinated by Spanish authorities as well as the WHO and other national health officials. 所有从船上撤离的人员均通过特别安排的遣返航班而非商业航班离开该岛。撤离和飞行工作由西班牙当局、世界卫生组织及其他国家卫生官员协调进行。
Amid the evacuations, one new case has been definitively identified in a French citizen who tested positive on the journey home. That brings the outbreak tally to nine cases. Of those cases, three deaths had previously been reported, including a Dutch couple and a German woman. 在撤离过程中，一名法国公民在回国途中检测呈阳性，被确诊为新增病例。这使得此次疫情的病例总数达到9例。在这些病例中，此前已报告了3例死亡，包括一对荷兰夫妇和一名德国女性。
US passengers
美国乘客
There may be a 10th case in a US passenger; US health officials reported that a person tested “mildly positive” after being evacuated from the ship. But for now, the WHO is reporting that as “inconclusive” testing and is awaiting confirmation before updating the case count. 美国乘客中可能出现了第10例病例；美国卫生官员报告称，一名乘客在撤离后检测结果呈“弱阳性”。但目前，世界卫生组织将其报告为“不确定”结果，并等待进一步确认后再更新病例统计数据。
The information about that possible US case came on Sunday from a statement on social media by the US Department of Health and Human Services. The statement incorrectly said that federal and state officials had transported 17 American citizens who were on board the ship back to the US on a non-commercial flight. 关于这名美国疑似病例的信息来自美国卫生与公众服务部周日在社交媒体上发表的一份声明。该声明错误地称，联邦和州官员已通过非商业航班将船上的17名美国公民送回美国。
The repatriated US passengers were flown to Omaha, Nebraska, where the federal government has its only National Quarantine Unit on the campus of Nebraska Medical Center and the University of Nebraska Medical Center. The Nebraska Medical Center also houses a National Biocontainment Unit. 被遣返的美国乘客被送往内布拉斯加州的奥马哈，联邦政府唯一的国家检疫中心就设在内布拉斯加医学中心和内布拉斯加大学医学中心校园内。内布拉斯加医学中心还设有一个国家生物防护中心。
In a press briefing in Omaha on Monday morning, federal and Nebraska officials corrected the HHS statement, saying that the US has repatriated 18—not 17—people, which includes 17 US citizens and one person who is a dual British/US citizen. The passengers range in age from late 20s to late 70s–early 80s. 在周一上午于奥马哈举行的新闻发布会上，联邦和内布拉斯加州的官员纠正了卫生与公众服务部的声明，称美国共遣返了18人（而非17人），其中包括17名美国公民和一名英美双重国籍人士。这些乘客的年龄从20多岁到70多岁至80多岁不等。
On the flight to Omaha, two were flown in special biocontainment units “out of an abundance of caution.” That includes the one person who tested “mildly positive,” and a second person who had symptoms. For now, the definition of symptoms is “liberal,” including anything as minor as nasal congestion, officials said in the press briefing. 在飞往奥马哈的航班上，出于“极其谨慎”的考虑，两人被安置在特殊的生物防护舱内。其中包括那名检测呈“弱阳性”的人，以及另一名出现症状的人。官员在新闻发布会上表示，目前对“症状”的定义较为“宽泛”，包括鼻塞等轻微症状。
Three people in US biocontainment
3人被送入美国生物防护设施
Of the 18 people, 15 (including the dual citizen) are asymptomatic and in the quarantine unit. The person with the “mildly positive” test is being housed in the Nebraska biocontainment unit. That person is said to be asymptomatic for now. 在18人中，有15人（包括那名双重国籍人士）无症状，目前处于检疫区。那名检测呈“弱阳性”的人被安置在内布拉斯加州的生物防护中心。据称，此人目前无症状。
In the press briefing, US officials offered only vague answers as to what they meant by “mildly positive.” But, they are likely referring to the cycle threshold (Ct value) for the real-time PCR test used to detect snippets of hantavirus genetic material to confirm an infection. 在新闻发布会上，美国官员对“弱阳性”的含义给出了模糊的回答。但他们很可能指的是实时PCR检测的循环阈值（Ct值），该检测用于检测汉坦病毒遗传物质片段以确认感染。
The test does repeated cycles to try to amplify specific snippets of genetic material that may be present. A test is generally considered negative if there’s no clear signal after 40 cycles. But it’s not a precise cutoff, and faint signals that appear after 35 or more cycles may be seen as ambiguous—possibly an early or late infection when little virus遗传物质 is present, or possibly just contamination. 该检测通过重复循环来扩增可能存在的特定遗传物质片段。如果40个循环后没有清晰信号，通常被视为阴性。但这并非精确的界限，35个循环后出现的微弱信号可能被视为模棱两可——可能是病毒遗传物质极少的早期或晚期感染，也可能仅仅是污染。
The remaining two passengers are a couple traveling together, one of whom is the person previously identified as having symptoms. They have been moved to a biocontainment unit together at Emory University in Atlanta. The reason for the move is to ensure that the biocontainment unit in Nebraska—which has a small capacity to isolate hantavirus cases—can reserve space in the event that any of the 15 in quarantine develop an infection, officials explained in the press briefing. 其余两名乘客是一对同行夫妇，其中一人是此前被确认出现症状的人。他们已被共同转移到亚特兰大埃默里大学的生物防护中心。官员在发布会上解释称，此举是为了确保内布拉斯加州的生物防护中心（其隔离汉坦病毒病例的能力有限）能够预留空间，以防15名处于检疫期的人员中有人出现感染。
The quarantine period for those exposed to hantavirus is 42 days from their exposure date. The 18 people will be monitored carefully for the life-threatening infection, with the 15 in quarantine undergoing detailed risk assessments. 接触汉坦病毒者的检疫期为自接触之日起42天。这18人将接受密切监测，以防出现危及生命的感染，其中处于检疫期的15人将接受详细的风险评估。
Depending on various factors, some in the quarantine unit may be able to return home before the 42-day period. These factors include, among many things, their assessed exposure and risk levels as well as their access to care at home. People who develop hantavirus infections require high-level care. Thus, if people do not live close to health facilities with intensive care units or advanced life-support technology, namely ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), they would likely be advised to stay in Omaha. 根据各种因素，检疫区内的一些人可能在42天期限前获准回家。这些因素包括他们的暴露程度、风险评估水平以及在家中获得护理的条件等。汉坦病毒感染者需要高级护理。因此，如果患者居住地附近没有配备重症监护室或先进生命支持技术（即ECMO，体外膜肺氧合）的医疗机构，他们可能会被建议留在奥马哈。
Transmission risk
传播风险
Andes hantavirus is a rare infection in humans, and the vast majority of cases are acquired via exposure to rodents or inhaling particles from their droppings, urine, or bodily fluids. However, the Andes virus is the only hantavirus known to, in even rarer cases, spread from human to human, which appears to have been the case on the Hondius. 安第斯汉坦病毒在人类中是一种罕见的感染，绝大多数病例是通过接触啮齿动物或吸入其粪便、尿液或体液中的颗粒而感染的。然而，安第斯病毒是目前已知唯一能在极少数情况下实现人传人的汉坦病毒，而“Hondius”号上的情况似乎正是如此。
Rodents have not been reported on the ship. Cruise ships—where a mix of people from various places live in confined settings with communal facilities—are known to enable wide and rapid spread of viruses. While this is the first time an Andes virus outbreak with likely human-to-human transmission has occurred on a ship, no other features of the outbreak appear out of line with what’s known about the virus’s spread or disease. 船上并未报告发现啮齿动物。游轮——来自不同地方的人们在封闭的环境中共同使用公共设施——是众所周知的病毒快速广泛传播的场所。虽然这是首次在船上发生可能存在人传人的安第斯病毒疫情，但疫情的其他特征似乎与目前已知的病毒传播或疾病特性并无出入。
The virus transmits human-to-human amid close, prolonged contact with a symptomatic case. The virus is generally not known to transmit easily or from asymptomatic people. 该病毒在与有症状病例进行密切、长时间接触时会发生人传人。通常认为该病毒不易传播，且不会通过无症状者传播。