Reflections and New Directions for Human-Centered Large Language Models

以人为本的大型语言模型的反思与新方向

Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly shaping the private and professional lives of users, with numerous applications in business, education, finance, healthcare, law, and science. With this rise in global influence comes greater urgency to build, evaluate, and deploy these systems in a manner that prioritizes not only technical capabilities but also human priorities.

摘要： 大型语言模型（LLMs）正日益塑造着用户的私人生活与职业生涯，并在商业、教育、金融、医疗、法律和科学等领域得到了广泛应用。随着其全球影响力的提升，我们迫切需要以一种既重视技术能力、又优先考虑人类需求的方式来构建、评估和部署这些系统。

This work presents a framework for developing Human-Centered Large Language Models (HCLLMs), which integrates perspectives from Natural Language Processing (NLP), Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), and responsible AI. Considering the ethics, economics, and technical objectives of language modeling, we argue that model developers need to address human concerns, preferences, values, and goals, not only during a cursory post-training stage, but rather with rigor and care at every stage of the pipeline.

本研究提出了一个开发“以人为本的大型语言模型”（HCLLMs）的框架，该框架整合了自然语言处理（NLP）、人机交互（HCI）以及负责任人工智能（Responsible AI）的视角。考虑到语言建模在伦理、经济和技术目标方面的要求，我们认为模型开发者不应仅在训练后的粗略阶段考虑人类因素，而应在整个流程的每一个环节都严谨且审慎地处理人类的关切、偏好、价值观和目标。

This paper offers human-centered insights and recommendations for developers at each stage, from system design to data sourcing, model training, evaluation, and responsible deployment. Then we conclude with a case study, applying these insights to understand the future of work with HCLLMs.

本文为开发者在从系统设计到数据获取、模型训练、评估以及负责任部署的各个阶段，提供了以人为本的见解与建议。最后，我们通过一个案例研究总结了这些见解，旨在探讨 HCLLMs 对未来工作方式的影响。