The Download: a Nobel winner on AI, and the case for fixing everything

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The Download: a Nobel winner on AI, and the case for fixing everything

《下载》：诺贝尔奖得主谈人工智能，以及“修复一切”的必要性

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. 这是我们工作日时事通讯《下载》的今日版，为您提供每日科技界动态。

Three things in AI to watch, according to a Nobel-winning economist

诺贝尔经济学奖得主眼中的人工智能三大看点

A few months before he won the Nobel Prize in economics in 2024, Daron Acemoglu published a paper that earned him few fans in Silicon Valley. He argued that AI would give only a small boost to US productivity and would not eliminate the need for human work. Two years later, Acemoglu’s measured take has not caught on. The technology has advanced quite a bit since his cautious predictions, but the data is still largely on his side. MIT Technology Review spoke with him to understand if any of the latest developments have changed his thesis. Here are the three things Acemoglu is paying closest attention to in AI right now. —James O’Donnell 在获得2024年诺贝尔经济学奖的几个月前，达龙·阿西莫格鲁（Daron Acemoglu）发表了一篇论文，这使他在硅谷并不讨喜。他认为，人工智能对美国生产力的提升作用微乎其微，且不会消除对人类劳动的需求。两年过去了，阿西莫格鲁这种审慎的观点并未流行起来。尽管自他做出谨慎预测以来，技术已经取得了长足进步，但数据在很大程度上仍然支持他的论点。《麻省理工科技评论》采访了他，以了解最新的发展是否改变了他的论点。以下是阿西莫格鲁目前在人工智能领域最关注的三件事。——James O’Donnell

This story is from The Algorithm, our weekly newsletter giving you the inside track on all things AI. Sign up to receive it in your inbox every Monday. 本文摘自我们的每周时事通讯《算法》，为您提供人工智能领域的内幕消息。欢迎订阅，每周一准时发送至您的收件箱。

The case for fixing everything

“修复一切”的必要性

Stewart Brand, the counterculture icon and tech industry legend, considers maintenance a “civilizational” act. His new book argues that taking responsibility for maintaining something, whether a motorcycle, a monument, or the planet, can be radical. Brand argues that maintainers haven’t gotten the laurels they deserve—and he’s right. Yet his vision of maintenance often feels solitary: profound, but more about personal fulfillment than tending to a shared world or making it better. Read the full review of his handsome new book, Maintenance: Of Everything, Part One. —Lee Vinsel 反主流文化偶像、科技界传奇人物斯图尔特·布兰德（Stewart Brand）将维护视为一种“文明”行为。他的新书提出，承担起维护某事物的责任——无论是摩托车、纪念碑还是地球——都可能是一种激进的行为。布兰德认为，维护者们没有得到他们应得的赞誉——他是对的。然而，他所构想的维护往往显得有些孤独：深刻，但更多是关于个人成就感，而非关乎照料共享世界或使其变得更好。阅读他那本精美新书《维护：关于一切，第一部分》的完整书评。——Lee Vinsel

Lee Vinsel is an associate professor of science, technology, and society at Virginia Tech, a cofounder of The Maintainers, and the host of Peoples & Things, a podcast about human life with technology. Lee Vinsel 是弗吉尼亚理工大学科学、技术与社会专业的副教授，“维护者”（The Maintainers）组织的联合创始人，也是探讨人类与技术生活的播客《人与物》（Peoples & Things）的主持人。

This story is from the latest edition of our print magazine, which is all about nature. Subscribe now to read the full issue and receive future print copies once they land. 本文摘自我们最新一期的纸质杂志，本期主题为“自然”。立即订阅以阅读完整内容，并在未来收到纸质版杂志。

The must-reads

必读内容

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 我已为您搜罗了互联网上今天最有趣、最重要、最令人恐惧及最引人入胜的科技故事。

  1. The first zero-day exploit built by AI has been discovered Google spotted and stopped the attempted “mass exploitation event.” (CNBC)

    • The hackers used AI to discover an unknown bug. (NYT $)
    • AI-powered hacking has exploded into an industrial-scale threat. (Guardian)
    • New tools are simplifying online crime. (MIT Technology Review) 首个由人工智能构建的零日漏洞被发现 谷歌发现并阻止了这次试图进行的“大规模利用事件”。(CNBC)
    • 黑客利用人工智能发现了未知漏洞。(《纽约时报》付费内容)
    • 人工智能驱动的黑客攻击已演变成工业规模的威胁。(《卫报》)
    • 新工具正在简化网络犯罪。(《麻省理工科技评论》)

  2. OpenAI just launched its answer to Claude Mythos Daybreak patches vulnerabilities before attackers find them. (The Verge)

    • Sam Altman said it will “continuously secure software.” (Gizmodo)
    • It will rival Anthropic’s Claude Mythos, which arrived a month ago. (BBC)
    • OpenAI is allowing wider access to its cyber models than Anthropic. (CNBC) OpenAI 刚刚推出了应对 Claude Mythos 的产品 Daybreak 能够在攻击者发现漏洞之前进行修补。(The Verge)
    • 山姆·奥特曼（Sam Altman）表示，它将“持续保障软件安全”。(Gizmodo)
    • 它将与一个月前发布的 Anthropic 的 Claude Mythos 展开竞争。(BBC)
    • OpenAI 对其网络安全模型的开放程度比 Anthropic 更广。(CNBC)

  3. Trump is heading to China to spread the gospel of American tech While taking cues from Beijing’s more stringent approach. (Guardian)

    • But investors want Trump and Xi to stay out of AI’s way. (Reuters $)
    • Elon Musk and Tim Cook are joining him on the trip this week. (BBC) 特朗普前往中国传播美国科技的“福音” 同时借鉴北京方面更严格的管理方式。(《卫报》)
    • 但投资者希望特朗普和习近平不要干预人工智能的发展。(路透社付费内容)
    • 埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）和蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）本周将随行。(BBC)

  4. Ilya Sutskever has testified on Sam Altman’s “pattern of lying” OpenAI co-founder Sutskever took the stand in the Altman v. Musk trial. (BI)

    • He said he spent a year gathering proof of Altman’s dishonesty. (Reuters $)
    • But he also added to OpenAI’s defense. (Wired $)
    • While Satya Nadella called attempts to remove Altman “amateur city.” (FT $)
    • Here’s what happened last week in the trial. (MIT Technology Review) 伊利亚·苏茨克维（Ilya Sutskever）就山姆·奥特曼的“撒谎模式”出庭作证 OpenAI 联合创始人苏茨克维在奥特曼诉马斯克案中出庭。(BI)
    • 他表示自己花了一年时间收集奥特曼不诚实的证据。(路透社付费内容)
    • 但他也为 OpenAI 的辩护提供了支持。(《连线》付费内容)
    • 萨提亚·纳德拉（Satya Nadella）则称罢免奥特曼的尝试是“业余行为”。(《金融时报》付费内容)
    • 以下是上周庭审的情况。(《麻理工科技评论》)

  5. A new hantavirus vaccine is in the works Moderna and Korea University are developing an mRNA vaccine. (Wired $)

    • Here’s what you need to know about the cruise ship outbreak. (MIT Technology Review) 一种新的汉坦病毒疫苗正在研发中 Moderna 和高丽大学正在开发一种 mRNA 疫苗。(《连线》付费内容)
    • 关于游轮疫情，你需要了解这些。(《麻省理工科技评论》)

  6. Texas has sued Netflix over alleged data harvesting and “addictive” design AG Ken Paxton accuses Netflix of secretly collecting and selling user data. (Quartz)

    • And spying on children while deliberately fostering addiction. (Guardian) 德克萨斯州起诉 Netflix，指控其涉嫌数据采集和“成瘾性”设计 总检察长肯·帕克斯顿（Ken Paxton）指控 Netflix 秘密收集并出售用户数据。(Quartz)
    • 并指控其监视儿童，同时蓄意培养成瘾性。(《卫报》)

  7. A data center guzzled 30 million gallons of water—and no one noticed The curious case serves as a warning for other data center projects. (Ars Technica) 一个数据中心消耗了3000万加仑水，却无人察觉 这一离奇案例为其他数据中心项目敲响了警钟。(Ars Technica)

  8. Europe is reportedly selling spyware to human rights abusers EU states allegedly sold the tech to countries violating rights. (Bloomberg $) 据报道，欧洲正在向侵犯人权者出售间谍软件 据称，欧盟国家将该技术出售给了侵犯人权的国家。(彭博社付费内容)

  9. The US government’s AI vetting announcement has mysteriously vanished It had detailed a security test agreement with Google, xAI, and Microsoft. (Gizmodo) 美国政府关于人工智能审查的公告神秘消失 该公告曾详细说明了与谷歌、xAI 和微软达成的安全测试协议。(Gizmodo)

  10. Amazon staff are using AI for pointless tasks just to inflate usage scores In a bid to impress managers. (FT $)

    • An AI expert says we should stop using AI so much. (MIT Technology Review) 亚马逊员工为了提高使用评分，竟用人工智能处理无意义的任务 意在给经理留下深刻印象。(《金融时报》付费内容)
    • 一位人工智能专家表示，我们应该减少对人工智能的使用。(《麻省理工科技评论》)

Quote of the day

今日金句

“This is like the cheating husband complaining about the cheating wife.” “这就像是一个出轨的丈夫在抱怨出轨的妻子。”

—Anupam Chander, a professor of law and technology at Georgetown Law School, tells the New York Times that Elon Musk’s hypocrisy over OpenAI becoming a for-profit company will undermine his courtroom battle with Sam Altman. —乔治城大学法学院法律与技术教授阿努帕姆·钱德（Anupam Chander）告诉《纽约时报》，埃隆·马斯克在 OpenAI 转为营利性公司一事上的虚伪态度，将削弱他在法庭上与山姆·奥特曼的对决。

One More Thing

更多精彩

How sounds can turn us on to the wonders of the universe 声音如何带我们领略宇宙的奇观

For decades, astronomy has relied on visual information to make sense of the cosmos: images, charts, and graphs. Now, some researchers are trying something different: listening to the universe. Using sonification, the process of turning information into sound, they’re helping blind and visually impaired researchers explore the cosmos—and even uncover patterns that might otherwise go unnoticed. The approach is spreading beyond astronomy into fields like climate science, navigation, and education. Discover how sound could make science more accessible—and even more revealing. —Corey S. Powell 几十年来，天文学一直依赖视觉信息来解读宇宙：图像、图表和图形。现在，一些研究人员正在尝试不同的方法：聆听宇宙。通过“声化”（sonification，即将信息转化为声音的过程），他们正在帮助盲人和视障研究人员探索宇宙，甚至发现那些原本可能被忽视的模式。这种方法正在从天文学扩展到气候科学、导航和教育等领域。探索声音如何让科学变得更易于获取，甚至更具启发性。——Corey S. Powell

We can still have nice things 我们依然可以拥有美好事物

A place for comfort, fun, and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.) 一个为您提供舒适、乐趣和消遣，点亮您一天的地方。（有任何想法？请给我留言。）

  • This musical mashup beautifully blends LCD Soundsystem with Twin Peaks.
  • 这个音乐混搭将 LCD Soundsystem 与《双峰》完美融合。
  • Match your speculative ideas to sci-fi stories with the Extrapolated Futures Archive.
  • 通过“推演未来档案”（Extrapolated Futures Archive）将您的推测性想法与科幻故事相匹配。
  • A live-action animation Coyote vs. ACME is coming soon—and the first trailer just dropped.
  • 真人动画电影《歪心狼大战ACME》（Coyote vs. ACME）即将上映——首支预告片刚刚发布。
  • Want to surf elsewhere in the galaxy? Here’s what it would be like to…
  • 想在银河系的其他地方冲浪吗？体验会是这样的……
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