I turned a $80 RK3562 Android tablet into a Debian Linux workstation
I turned a $80 RK3562 Android tablet into a Debian Linux workstation
我将一台 80 美元的 RK3562 安卓平板电脑改造成了 Debian Linux 工作站
rkdebian — Debian 12 for Doogee U10 (RK3562) rkdebian — 适用于 Doogee U10 (RK3562) 的 Debian 12
Download Pre-release Image 下载预发布镜像
Current public build (pre-release, May 14, 2026): 当前公开版本（预发布，2026 年 5 月 14 日）：
Release page: tech4bot/rk3562deb prerelease-14052026 发布页面：tech4bot/rk3562deb prerelease-14052026
Direct image download: rk3562-debian.img.xz 镜像直接下载：rk3562-debian.img.xz
Video demo: YouTube 视频演示：YouTube
Run full Debian 12 Bookworm on your Doogee U10 tablet — no bootloader unlock required. Boot from SD card, remove it to return to stock Android. No changes to internal storage. 在你的 Doogee U10 平板电脑上运行完整的 Debian 12 Bookworm —— 无需解锁引导加载程序。从 SD 卡启动，拔出卡即可恢复原厂安卓系统。不对内部存储进行任何更改。
Reverse engineered from scratch — no BSP, no vendor documentation, no official support. Built with the help of Claude, Codex, and Antigravity (Google Gemini), using Firefly RK3562 open-source repositories as a starting point. 从零开始逆向工程 —— 无 BSP、无厂商文档、无官方支持。在 Claude、Codex 和 Antigravity (Google Gemini) 的帮助下，以 Firefly RK3562 开源仓库为起点构建。
Overview 概述
rkdebian is a build system that produces a complete, bootable Debian 12 Bookworm image for the Doogee U10 Android tablet, powered by the Rockchip RK3562 SoC. The resulting image is written to an SD card. Insert it and power on — the tablet boots Debian. Remove the SD card and it boots Android from internal eMMC as normal. rkdebian 是一个构建系统，可为搭载瑞芯微 RK3562 SoC 的 Doogee U10 安卓平板电脑生成完整的、可启动的 Debian 12 Bookworm 镜像。生成的镜像需写入 SD 卡。插入卡并开机 —— 平板电脑即可启动 Debian。拔出 SD 卡，它会像往常一样从内部 eMMC 启动安卓系统。
Hardware: Doogee U10 硬件：Doogee U10
| Component | Details |
|---|---|
| SoC | Rockchip RK3562 (4× Cortex-A53 @ 2.0 GHz) |
| NPU | 1× Rockchip NPU core (active for RKLLM inference) |
| RAM | 4 GB LPDDR4 |
| Storage | 128 GB eMMC (Android) + SD card (Debian) |
| Display | 10.1” DSI panel, 1280×800 |
| PMIC | RK817 |
| 组件 | 详情 |
|---|---|
| SoC | 瑞芯微 RK3562 (4× Cortex-A53 @ 2.0 GHz) |
| NPU | 1× 瑞芯微 NPU 核心 (用于 RKLLM 推理) |
| 内存 | 4 GB LPDDR4 |
| 存储 | 128 GB eMMC (安卓) + SD 卡 (Debian) |
| 显示屏 | 10.1 英寸 DSI 面板，1280×800 |
| 电源管理芯片 | RK817 |
What Works 功能状态
| Feature | Status |
|---|---|
| Display / Panel | ✅ Full |
| Touchscreen | ✅ Full (gsl3673, 10-point multitouch) |
| Wi-Fi | ✅ Full (Seekwave EA6621Q) |
| Bluetooth | ✅ Full |
| Speaker / Audio output | ✅ Full |
| Microphone | ✅ Full |
| 3D Acceleration | ⚠️ Partial (Panfrost, OpenGL ES works) |
| NPU (RKLLM / rknn-llm) | ✅ Active (RK3562 supports one NPU core, num_npu_core=1) |
| Accelerometer | ✅ Full (SC7A20 / DA223) |
| Flashlight (rear LED) | ✅ Full (native Phosh top-menu torch toggle + brightness control via rk-flashlightctl) |
| Power button behavior | ✅ Full (short press sleeps on release, long press >=3s opens shutdown dialog) |
| Lockscreen orientation memory | ✅ Full (lock screen keeps last tablet orientation, including landscape) |
| Cameras | ⚠️ Partial (front s5k5e8 + rear s5k4h5yb pipelines functional; color tuning still needs calibration) |
| Battery / Charging | ✅ Full (RK817 PMIC) |
| SD card boot | ✅ Full |
| USB OTG | ✅ Full |
| 功能 | 状态 |
|---|---|
| 显示/面板 | ✅ 完整 |
| 触摸屏 | ✅ 完整 (gsl3673, 10 点触控) |
| Wi-Fi | ✅ 完整 (Seekwave EA6621Q) |
| 蓝牙 | ✅ 完整 |
| 扬声器/音频输出 | ✅ 完整 |
| 麦克风 | ✅ 完整 |
| 3D 加速 | ⚠️ 部分 (Panfrost, OpenGL ES 可用) |
| NPU (RKLLM / rknn-llm) | ✅ 激活 (RK3562 支持一个 NPU 核心, num_npu_core=1) |
| 加速度计 | ✅ 完整 (SC7A20 / DA223) |
| 手电筒 (后置 LED) | ✅ 完整 (原生 Phosh 顶部菜单手电筒开关 + 通过 rk-flashlightctl 控制亮度) |
| 电源键行为 | ✅ 完整 (短按释放后休眠，长按 >=3 秒打开关机对话框) |
| 锁屏方向记忆 | ✅ 完整 (锁屏保持最后一次平板方向，包括横屏) |
| 摄像头 | ⚠️ 部分 (前置 s5k5e8 + 后置 s5k4h5yb 流水线功能正常；色彩调校仍需校准) |
| 电池/充电 | ✅ 完整 (RK817 电源管理芯片) |
| SD 卡启动 | ✅ 完整 |
| USB OTG | ✅ 完整 |
Default Installed Apps 默认安装应用
- Firefox ESR: Preinstalled web browser (预装网页浏览器)
- Chromium: Preinstalled web browser (预装网页浏览器)
- FreeTube: Installed via Flatpak from Flathub by default (默认通过 Flathub 的 Flatpak 安装)
- Drawing: Touch-friendly paint app (触控友好的绘图应用)
- Snapshot: Camera app (相机应用)
- Dolphin: File manager (文件管理器)
- Plasma Discover: App store / software center (应用商店/软件中心)
- Okular: Document/PDF viewer (文档/PDF 阅读器)
- Gedit: Text editor (文本编辑器)
- Pavucontrol: Audio controls (音频控制)
- Terminal: kgx preferred, gnome-terminal fallback (优先使用 kgx，备用 gnome-terminal)
- Flatpak + Flathub: Enabled by default for app installs (默认启用以安装应用)
NPU LLM (RK3562) NPU 大语言模型 (RK3562)
This tablet image supports local LLM inference on the RK3562 NPU using Rockchip’s RKLLM stack. 此平板镜像支持使用瑞芯微的 RKLLM 堆栈在 RK3562 NPU 上进行本地大语言模型推理。
NPU software used: 使用的 NPU 软件：
- airockchip/rknn-llm — runtime, RKLLM toolkit, demo app (llm_demo)
- airockchip/rknn-toolkit2 — RKNN conversion/toolchain dependency used by RKLLM workflows
Model conversion setup used: 使用的模型转换设置：
- Target platform: rk3562
- Quantization: W8A8
- NPU cores: num_npu_core=1
- Optimization level: 0 (chosen for compatibility/stability on this board)
Example conversion command (host PC): 转换命令示例 (宿主机 PC)：
python3 convert_qwen_rk3562.py \
--model-dir ./models/Qwen3-0.6B \
--target-platform rk3562 \
--quantized-dtype W8A8 \
--optimization-level 0 \
--num-npu-core 1 \
--output ./out/Qwen3-0.6B_W8A8_RK3562_opt0.rkllmBenchmark (on tablet, NPU path) 基准测试 (在平板上，NPU 路径)
Measured on April 6, 2026 on
- prompt: “Output exactly 300 English words about arithmetic speed testing do not include punctuation and do not stop early”
- MAX_NEW_TOKENS=64, MAX_CONTEXT_LEN=1024
- runner: ~/npu-test/xcompile/demo_Linux_aarch64/run_llm_rk3562.sh
Warm-run average (runs 2-3): 热启动平均值 (运行 2-3 次)：
| Model | Init Time (ms) | Prefill (tok/s) | Generate (tok/s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qwen3-0.6B_W8A8_RK3562_opt0 | 1788.70 | 57.62 | 4.92 |
| Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct_W8A8_RK3562 | 4800.76 | 42.78 | 2.18 |
Result: Qwen3-0.6B is significantly faster on this RK3562 tablet for local NPU inference. 结果：Qwen3-0.6B 在此 RK3562 平板上进行本地 NPU 推理时速度明显更快。
Known Issues 已知问题
- Battery may report 0% after the tablet has been powered off for a couple of hours. rk-battery-gauge-fix.service fixes this on boot. If the tablet did not fully power off, reboot once; on the next boot the battery level should be corrected. 平板电脑关机几小时后，电池电量可能会显示为 0%。rk-battery-gauge-fix.service 可在开机时修复此问题。如果平板电脑未完全关机，请重启一次；下次开机时电池电量应会恢复正常。
- Front (s5k5e8) and rear (s5k4h5yb) camera preview/capture are functional, but colors are still slightly off and require additional ISP calibration. 前置 (s5k5e8) 和后置 (s5k4h5yb) 摄像头预览/拍摄功能正常，但色彩仍有轻微偏差，需要进一步的 ISP 校准。
Requirements 要求
Host machine: x86-64 Linux (Debian/Ubuntu recommended) 宿主机：x86-64 Linux (推荐 Debian/Ubuntu)
Install all build dependencies with: 使用以下命令安装所有构建依赖：
sudo apt-get install \
git make gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu \
bc bison flex device-tree-compiler \
genimage wget tar mtools \
xz-utils \
debootstrap qemu-user-static \
e2fsprogsBuilding 构建
Full build (recommended): Builds U-Boot, kernel, Debian rootfs, and produces a ready-to-flash SD card image: 完整构建 (推荐)：构建 U-Boot、内核、Debian 根文件系统，并生成可直接刷入的 SD 卡镜像：
./build.sh allWith full logging to file (tee) while preserving the real build exit status: 在保留真实构建退出状态的同时，将完整日志输出到文件 (tee)：
set -o pipefail
./build.sh all 2>&1 | tee build.log./build.sh with no target defaults to all.
不带目标的 ./build.sh 默认为 all。
The final image is written to: 最终镜像写入位置：
out/rk3562-debian.img.xz— compressed final image (recommended) (压缩后的最终镜像，推荐)output/update/update.img.xz— compressed Firefly-compatible path (压缩后的 Firefly 兼容路径)
Compatibility/raw images are also kept: 兼容性/原始镜像也会保留：
out/rk3562-debian.imgoutput/update/update.img
CLI usage and options 命令行用法与选项
./build.sh [options] {check|lunch|uboot|extboot|updateimg|updatepkg|compile|rootfs|image|all}| Option | Values | Description |
|---|---|---|
| —ui-session | phosh | Session profile to bake into the |
| 选项 | 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| —ui-session | phosh | 预置到系统中的会话配置文件 |