I’ve built a virtual museum with nearly every operating system you can think of

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I’ve built a virtual museum with nearly every operating system you can think of

我建立了一个虚拟博物馆，里面几乎包含了你能想到的所有操作系统

This is a virtual museum of operating systems (and standalone applications) running under emulation, implemented as a Linux VM for QEMU, VirtualBox, or UTM. A custom emulator-independent launcher is provided, and all OSes and emulators are pre-installed and pre-configured. 这是一个在模拟环境下运行的操作系统（及独立应用程序）虚拟博物馆，以 Linux 虚拟机（VM）的形式实现，支持 QEMU、VirtualBox 或 UTM。项目提供了一个独立于模拟器的自定义启动器，所有操作系统和模拟器均已预装并预配置完毕。

The launcher includes a snapshot feature to quickly revert broken installations back to a working state. Hypervisor installers and shortcuts to run the VM on Windows, macOS, and Linux are also included. 该启动器包含快照功能，可将损坏的安装环境快速恢复至正常工作状态。此外，还附带了虚拟机管理程序安装包，以及在 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 上运行虚拟机的快捷方式。

Want to see the earliest resident monitors? The ancestor of all modern OSes (CTSS)? The earliest versions of Unix? The first OS with a desktop metaphor GUI (Xerox Star Pilot/ViewPoint)? Early versions of mainstream OSes? If you want to explore historical OSes and platforms without having to worry about configuring/installing emulators and OSes or corrupting emulated installations, you’ve come to the right place. 想看看最早的驻留监控程序吗？想了解所有现代操作系统的鼻祖（CTSS）吗？想体验 Unix 的早期版本，或是第一个采用桌面隐喻图形界面（Xerox Star Pilot/ViewPoint）的操作系统？亦或是主流操作系统的早期版本？如果你想探索历史上的操作系统和平台，又不想为配置/安装模拟器和操作系统而烦恼，也不想担心损坏模拟环境，那么你来对地方了。

Just about every well-known OS and platform (and also a lot of obscure ones) is included in some form, spanning the entire history of stored-program computing from the Manchester Baby of 1948 (the first stored-program computer) to the present day. 几乎每一个知名的操作系统和平台（以及许多冷门系统）都以某种形式被收录其中，涵盖了从 1948 年曼彻斯特大学“小规模实验机”（Manchester Baby，第一台存储程序计算机）到现代的整个存储程序计算历史。

The catalogue covers, among many other things: 该目录涵盖的内容包括但不限于：

  • The earliest mainframes: Manchester Baby test/demo programs, Mark 1 Scheme A/B/C/T (the earliest examples of system software that could be considered as an OS), various EDSAC software, etc.

  • 早期大型机： Manchester Baby 测试/演示程序、Mark 1 Scheme A/B/C/T（可被视为操作系统的最早系统软件示例）、各种 EDSAC 软件等。

  • Later mainframes and minicomputers: CTSS, MVS, VM/370, TOPS-10/20, ITS, Multics, RSX, RSTS, and more.

  • 后期大型机与小型机： CTSS、MVS、VM/370、TOPS-10/20、ITS、Multics、RSX、RSTS 等。

  • Workstations and Unix variants: PERQ OSes, SunOS, IRIX, OSF/1, A/UX, NeXTSTEP, Plan 9, various BSDs, plus Linux distributions across the decades, and more.

  • 工作站与 Unix 变体： PERQ 操作系统、SunOS、IRIX、OSF/1、A/UX、NeXTSTEP、Plan 9、各种 BSD 系统，以及跨越数十年的 Linux 发行版等。

  • Home computers: various CP/M variants, Apple II, Commodore 8-bit machines, Atari 8-bit, MSX, Tandy TRS-80, BBC Micro, ZX Spectrum, Sharp MZ, and more.

  • 家用电脑： 各种 CP/M 变体、Apple II、Commodore 8 位机、Atari 8 位机、MSX、Tandy TRS-80、BBC Micro、ZX Spectrum、Sharp MZ 等。

  • Personal computer operating systems: various DOS variants, OS/2, BeOS, Windows from 1.0 to early Longhorn betas, classic Mac OS through Mac OS X 10.5 PPC, and more.

  • 个人电脑操作系统： 各种 DOS 变体、OS/2、BeOS、从 1.0 到早期 Longhorn 测试版的 Windows、经典 Mac OS 直至 Mac OS X 10.5 PPC 等。

  • Mobile and embedded: PalmOS, EPOC/Symbian, Windows CE, Newton OS, early Android and iOS where emulation permits, QNX, etc.

  • 移动与嵌入式系统： PalmOS、EPOC/Symbian、Windows CE、Newton OS、在模拟条件允许下的早期 Android 和 iOS、QNX 等。

  • Research and obscure systems: ZetaLisp, Smalltalk environments, Oberon, Plan 9, and many more that few people now have ever booted.

  • 研究型与冷门系统： ZetaLisp、Smalltalk 环境、Oberon、Plan 9，以及许多现在几乎没人启动过的系统。

If a working version of an operating system exists somewhere, the goal is to have it here, in a form anyone can run on a reasonably modern laptop/desktop. 如果某个操作系统存在可运行的版本，我们的目标就是将其收录于此，并以一种任何人都能在现代笔记本电脑或台式机上运行的形式呈现。

By the Numbers

数据概览

  • 1700+ installs (1700+ 次安装)
  • 250+ platforms (250+ 个平台)
  • 570+ distinct OSes (570+ 种不同的操作系统)
  • 1948-now era (1948 年至今)

Downloads

下载

Both a full and a lite version are available. The full version ships with everything pre-downloaded and runs offline. The lite version downloads disk/tape/etc. images for guest VMs the first time they are run. Automatic and manual updates are supported on both editions so new installations land without re-downloading the whole VM. 提供完整版和精简版。完整版预下载了所有内容，支持离线运行。精简版会在首次运行虚拟机时下载磁盘/磁带等镜像。两个版本均支持自动和手动更新，因此无需重新下载整个虚拟机即可获取新的安装内容。

Why this exists

为什么会有这个项目

While the state of software preservation has improved significantly over the past two decades, many of the existing software preservation projects are still not particularly accessible. When I started collecting emulator images (2003), there were only a few small archives of software images and the corresponding documentation, and relatively few emulators for anything other than well-known consumer-oriented platforms. 尽管过去二十年来软件保存状况有了显著改善，但许多现有的软件保存项目仍然不够易用。当我开始收集模拟器镜像（2003 年）时，只有少数几个小型软件镜像和相关文档存档，且除了知名的消费级平台外，其他平台的模拟器相对较少。

Nowadays there are many large archives of historical software and documentation, and a lot of emulators for even a lot of very obscure platforms. However, while such efforts are valuable when it comes to keeping historical software available and runnable (and without them this project would have never been possible; see the credits page for a list of emulators, pre-installed images, and media archives I have used), it often still takes time and effort to get runnable VM installations from them. 如今，已有许多大型的历史软件和文档存档，甚至针对许多非常冷门的平台也有了大量模拟器。然而，虽然这些努力对于保持历史软件的可获取性和可运行性非常有价值（没有它们，本项目也不可能实现；请参阅致谢页面查看我所使用的模拟器、预装镜像和媒体存档列表），但要从这些资源中获得可运行的虚拟机安装环境，往往仍需耗费大量时间和精力。

OSes may have complicated install procedures. Some may depend on particular device configurations within an emulator. Some will only run in certain emulator versions, breaking in later ones due to regressions. Some emulators might have complex configuration files, or may require a specific environment on the host system. This project is an attempt… 操作系统可能拥有复杂的安装过程。有些可能依赖于模拟器内的特定设备配置。有些只能在特定版本的模拟器中运行，而在后续版本中会因回归问题而失效。有些模拟器可能有复杂的配置文件，或者需要宿主系统具备特定的环境。本项目旨在尝试解决这些问题……

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