The Download: online safety’s future and climate tech’s big pivot

《下载》：在线安全的未来与气候科技的重大转型

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. 这是今日份的《下载》，我们每日更新的通讯，为您提供科技世界的每日资讯。

Tech researchers are suing the Trump administration over the future of online safety

科技研究人员就在线安全的未来起诉特朗普政府

For months, the Trump administration has been going after researchers who study and try to counter hate speech, harassment, propaganda, and disinformation online. Now, some of those researchers are fighting back. In a new lawsuit, they’re seeking to strike down a visa restriction policy against “foreign officials and other persons” announced last year by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio. They say the policy violates the speech and due process rights of foreign-born workers whose “work supports greater moderation of content on the [tech] platforms.” Find out how the case could impact online safety and free speech. —Eileen Guo 几个月来，特朗普政府一直在针对那些研究并试图打击网络仇恨言论、骚扰、宣传和虚假信息的研究人员。现在，一些研究人员开始反击。在一项新的诉讼中，他们寻求推翻美国国务卿马可·鲁比奥（Marco Rubio）去年宣布的一项针对“外国官员及其他人员”的签证限制政策。他们表示，该政策侵犯了外籍员工的言论自由和正当程序权利，而这些员工的“工作支持了对（科技）平台内容进行更有效的审核”。了解此案将如何影响在线安全和言论自由。——Eileen Guo

Climate tech companies are pivoting to critical minerals

气候科技公司正转向关键矿产领域

We’re over a year into the second Trump administration, and support for climate causes in the US is weak. But climate tech companies are finding ways to survive and even thrive in this new environment, including by looking beyond decarbonization. One example is Boston Metal. The startup has raised a $75 million round to produce critical metals, MIT Technology Review can exclusively report. The company is best known for its efforts to clean up steel production, an industry that’s responsible for about 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. But the new focus and fresh funds could help it survive a period of waning support for industrial decarbonization. Read the full story on its high-stakes shift. And discover more about the new strategy for climate tech companies in our analysis of how they’re reframing their missions. —Casey Crownhart 特朗普第二任期已过一年多，美国对气候事业的支持依然疲软。但气候科技公司正在寻找在这一新环境中生存甚至蓬勃发展的方法，包括将目光投向脱碳之外的领域。波士顿金属公司（Boston Metal）就是一个例子。《麻省理工科技评论》独家报道，这家初创公司已筹集了7500万美元用于生产关键金属。该公司以致力于清洁钢铁生产而闻名，该行业约占全球温室气体排放量的8%。但这一新的重点和新资金可能有助于它在工业脱碳支持减弱的时期生存下来。阅读关于其高风险转型的完整报道，并通过我们关于气候科技公司如何重构其使命的分析，了解更多关于它们的新战略。——Casey Crownhart

Our story on the climate tech pivot is from The Spark, our weekly newsletter giving you the inside track on all things climate. Sign up to receive it in your inbox every Wednesday. 我们关于气候科技转型的报道来自《火花》（The Spark），这是我们的每周通讯，为您提供气候领域的一切内幕。每周三订阅即可在收件箱中接收。

Can AI learn to understand the world?

人工智能能学会理解世界吗？

As the limits of LLMs become clearer, researchers are developing a new kind of AI designed to understand the physical environment: world models. Recent developments from Google DeepMind, Fei-Fei Li’s World Labs, and Yann LeCun’s new startup have pushed these systems to the forefront of AI. At an exclusive virtual event today, MIT Technology Review will examine the progress—and what comes next. Join editor in chief Mat Honan, senior AI editor Will Douglas Heaven, and AI reporter Grace Huckins for the subscriber-only Roundtables discussion on world models. Register here to take part in the session at 19:30 GMT / 2:30 PM ET / 11:30 AM PT. World models are one of our 10 Things That Matter in AI Right Now, MIT Technology Review’s new list of the technologies and ideas shaping the future of AI. 随着大语言模型（LLM）的局限性日益显现，研究人员正在开发一种旨在理解物理环境的新型人工智能：世界模型（world models）。谷歌DeepMind、李飞飞的World Labs以及杨立昆（Yann LeCun）的新初创公司最近的进展，已将这些系统推向了人工智能的前沿。在今天的一场独家虚拟活动中，《麻省理工科技评论》将审视这些进展以及未来的方向。欢迎加入主编Mat Honan、资深AI编辑Will Douglas Heaven和AI记者Grace Huckins，参加仅限订阅用户的“世界模型”圆桌讨论。点击此处注册，参加格林威治标准时间19:30 / 美东时间下午2:30 / 太平洋时间上午11:30的会议。世界模型是我们“当前AI领域最重要的10件事”之一，这是《麻省理工科技评论》列出的塑造AI未来的新技术和新理念清单。

The must-reads

必读内容

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 我梳理了互联网，为您找到了今天关于科技的最有趣、最重要、最可怕和最引人入胜的故事。

SpaceX has filed for an IPO expected to be the largest ever. It could make Elon Musk the world’s first trillionaire. (BBC) SpaceX已提交IPO申请，预计将成为史上规模最大的一次。 这可能使埃隆·马斯克成为世界上第一位万亿富翁。（BBC）
Nvidia reported record revenues thanks to the AI boom. It’s blown past Wall Street expectations, despite losing the Chinese market. (Guardian) 得益于AI热潮，英伟达营收创下历史新高。 尽管失去了中国市场，其表现仍远超华尔街预期。（卫报）
Samsung has averted a massive strike over AI profit-sharing. It reached a tentative deal on bonuses with workers. (FT) 三星避免了一场因AI利润分成引发的大规模罢工。 公司已与员工就奖金达成初步协议。（金融时报）
President Trump will sign a cybersecurity directive as soon as today. But it stops short of mandatory federal approval of models before they’re released. (Bloomberg) 特朗普总统最早将于今日签署一项网络安全指令。 但该指令并未要求模型在发布前必须获得联邦强制批准。（彭博社）
OpenAI may file for an IPO within days. The ChatGPT-maker wants to go public as early as September. (WSJ) OpenAI可能在几天内提交IPO申请。 这家ChatGPT制造商希望最早在9月上市。（华尔街日报）
Robotics won’t be transformed by a single AI breakthrough. Don’t expect a ChatGPT moment. (IEEE Spectrum) 机器人技术不会因单一的AI突破而发生质变。 不要期待出现“ChatGPT时刻”。（IEEE Spectrum）
Rocks could generate hydrogen while storing CO2. New research shows they could also produce geothermal power. (New Scientist) 岩石可以在储存二氧化碳的同时产生氢气。 最新研究表明，它们还能产生地热能。（新科学家）
The EU is accelerating a Trump-fueled breakup with Big Tech. Geopolitical tensions are driving a shift toward homegrown software. (Wired) 欧盟正在加速与大型科技公司“分手”，这背后有特朗普因素。 地缘政治紧张局势正推动其转向本土软件。（连线）
Solid-state breakthroughs could soon transform commercial batteries. They’d be faster and safer than today’s lithium-ion equivalents. (The Economist) 固态电池的突破可能很快改变商业电池市场。 它们将比现有的锂离子电池更快、更安全。（经济学人）
Two researchers are rebuilding math from the ground up. By replacing the most fundamental concept in topology. (Quanta) 两位研究人员正在从零开始重建数学。 通过替换拓扑学中最基础的概念。（Quanta）

Quote of the day

今日金句

“This isn’t a blip, it’s an inflection point.” “这不仅仅是一个小插曲，这是一个转折点。” —Gurjeet Grewal, CEO of UK-based Octopus Electric Vehicles, tells Reuters that the Iran war has been a boon for European EV sales. ——英国Octopus Electric Vehicles公司首席执行官Gurjeet Grewal告诉路透社，伊朗战争对欧洲电动汽车的销售起到了推动作用。

One More Thing

补充一则

Keisy Plaza looks at her daughter Arantza Plaza with disappointment after failing to get an appointment on the CBP One app in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. 在墨西哥华雷斯城，Keisy Plaza在未能通过CBP One应用程序预约成功后，失望地看着她的女儿Arantza Plaza。

The new US border wall is an app 美国的新边境墙是一个应用程序

At the US southern border in 2023, asylum seekers had to request appointments with immigration officials via a mobile app. The Biden administration said the app, named CBP One, would make migration more orderly and discourage unauthorized crossings. But for many migrants, it became another obstacle. While waiting in dangerous border cities, they reported frozen screens, facial recognition issues, spotty connectivity, and difficulty securing appointments. Advocates argue that requiring vulnerable people to rely on… 2023年，在美国南部边境，寻求庇护者必须通过移动应用程序向移民官员预约。拜登政府表示，这款名为CBP One的应用程序将使移民更加有序，并阻止未经授权的越境行为。但对于许多移民来说，它成了又一道障碍。在危险的边境城市等待时，他们报告称遇到了屏幕卡死、人脸识别故障、网络连接不稳定以及难以预约等问题。倡导者认为，要求弱势群体依赖……