Trump’s mass deportations are only possible with racial profiling
Trump’s mass deportations are only possible with racial profiling
特朗普的大规模驱逐行动只有通过种族定性才有可能实现
As ICE ramps up street arrests, court records show that agents are disproportionately going after Latinos. 随着美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）加大街头逮捕力度，法庭记录显示，执法人员正不成比例地针对拉丁裔群体。
Border security czar Tom Homan keeps threatening to “flood” New York City with ICE agents. But a new investigation shows that ICE has been quietly ramping up arrests in the New York area already — and disproportionately targeting Latino neighborhoods. The City, a local nonprofit news organization, found 430 street arrests in the metropolitan area between October 2025 and mid-March. Of these, 93 percent involved Latinos, even though they only make up 66 percent of the local undocumented population. 边境安全主管汤姆·霍曼（Tom Homan）不断威胁要向纽约市“涌入”ICE特工。但一项新的调查显示，ICE实际上已经在纽约地区悄悄加大了逮捕力度，并且不成比例地针对拉丁裔社区。当地非营利新闻机构《The City》发现，在2025年10月至3月中旬期间，该大都会区发生了430起街头逮捕事件。其中，93%的被捕者是拉丁裔，尽管他们仅占当地无证移民人口的66%。
More telling: Many of those arrested weren’t the intended targets at all. Agents grabbed them while looking for other people, according to court records, and detained them because they supposedly looked sort of like the person they were after. ICE is ramping up enforcement in cities where there haven’t been reports of high-profile raids — and agents seemingly have carte blanche to arrest people based on the color of their skin. 更说明问题的是：许多被捕者根本不是预定的目标。根据法庭记录，执法人员在搜寻其他人时抓捕了他们，仅仅因为他们看起来“有点像”要找的人。ICE正在那些尚未出现高调突袭报道的城市加强执法，而执法人员似乎拥有基于肤色随意逮捕他人的“空白支票”。
After widespread backlash to ICE’s Operation Metro Surge in Minnesota, where a federal judge recently ruled that agents made warrantless arrests largely based on race, Homan said ICE is now using “smarter enforcement” in the Twin Cities and elsewhere. ICE has reportedly shifted to “targeted” arrests — but The City’s reporting shows that agents will eagerly arrest anyone they come across while looking for their targets. Though ICE has plenty of surveillance tools at its disposal it can use to track people down, this equipment is apparently far less effective than racial profiling. And even if other judges rule against ICE’s racist practices in the future, there may be little recourse. The Supreme Court recently ruled that racial profiling is permissible when it comes to immigration enforcement. 在ICE于明尼苏达州开展“地铁激增行动”（Operation Metro Surge）引发广泛抵制后——联邦法官近期裁定该行动中执法人员主要基于种族进行无证逮捕——霍曼声称ICE目前在双子城及其他地区采取了“更明智的执法”。据报道，ICE已转向“目标性”逮捕，但《The City》的报道显示，执法人员在搜寻目标时，会迫不及待地逮捕沿途遇到的任何人。尽管ICE拥有大量可用于追踪人员的监控工具，但这些设备显然远不如种族定性有效。即便未来有其他法官裁定ICE的种族主义行为违法，也可能收效甚微。最高法院近期裁定，在移民执法方面，种族定性是允许的。
Court records obtained by The City documenting more than 1,200 arrests in the New York City area between October 2025 and mid-March show a troubling pattern of discrimination. Time and time again, agents will arrest a person they claim looks like their actual target, even when there’s little resemblance beyond skin color or accent. One man claims agents called him a “maldito Mexicano,” or a “fucking Mexican,” while arresting him. In several instances, ICE agents apprehended people they claimed looked like their targets and detained them even after it was evident they had gotten the wrong person. 《The City》获取的法庭记录显示，2025年10月至3月中旬期间，纽约市地区发生了超过1200起逮捕事件，呈现出令人不安的歧视模式。执法人员屡次逮捕他们声称“长得像”目标的人，即便除了肤色或口音外，两者几乎毫无相似之处。一名男子称，执法人员在逮捕他时辱骂他是“该死的墨西哥人”。在多个案例中，ICE特工抓捕了他们声称长得像目标的人，即便在明显抓错人的情况下，依然将其拘留。
Nationwide, ICE carried out more than 400,000 arrests in the first 14 months of Donald Trump’s second term, according to the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. A growing number of these apprehensions involve Latinos with no criminal past or outstanding deportation orders, suggesting that agents are illegally profiling people on the street, a Cato Institute analysis found. Multiple people detained by ICE have filed lawsuits alleging they were targeted not because of their legal status but because of their race — but the Supreme Court effectively allowed racial profiling in a 6-3 decision last September, ruling that ICE agents can stop people based on their “apparent race or ethnicity,” language, or accent. 根据美国全国有色人种协进会（NAACP）法律辩护基金的数据，在唐纳德·特朗普第二任期的前14个月里，ICE在全国范围内执行了超过40万次逮捕。卡托研究所（Cato Institute）的一项分析发现，越来越多的被捕者是没有任何犯罪记录或驱逐令的拉丁裔，这表明执法人员正在街头非法对民众进行种族定性。多名被ICE拘留的人士提起诉讼，称他们被针对并非因为法律身份，而是因为种族。然而，最高法院在去年9月以6比3的投票结果实际上允许了种族定性，裁定ICE特工可以基于个人的“外表种族或族裔”、语言或口音拦截民众。
ICE isn’t the only form of law enforcement roving the streets in search of immigrants. Just as Trump has ordered many agencies — including the FBI and Homeland Security Investigations, a division within ICE that typically investigates child exploitation and drug trafficking — to prioritize immigration arrests, so too have local police departments and sheriff’s offices taken on work on behalf of ICE. Under Trump, there has been a surge in 287(g) agreements, a Clinton-era program that deputizes police for immigration enforcement. On his first day back in office, Trump issued an executive order requiring the DHS secretary to maximize these agreements. By February, there were 1,412 active 287(g) partnerships across the country, according to NPR, nearly all of which were signed in 2025. ICE并不是唯一在街头搜寻移民的执法力量。正如特朗普下令包括联邦调查局（FBI）和国土安全调查局（ICE内部通常负责调查儿童剥削和毒品贩运的部门）在内的多个机构优先处理移民逮捕事务一样，地方警察局和治安官办公室也开始代行ICE的职能。在特朗普治下，287(g)协议——一项克林顿时代的授权警察进行移民执法的项目——出现了激增。特朗普重返办公室的第一天就签署了一项行政命令，要求国土安全部部长最大限度地扩大这些协议。据美国国家公共电台（NPR）报道，截至2月，全国共有1412个有效的287(g)合作伙伴关系，其中几乎全部是在2025年签署的。
There are three types of 287(g) arrangements: The jail enforcement and warrant service officer models involve transferring people from local jails to ICE custody, while a third, the task force model, lets officers stop people for suspected immigration violations. The Obama administration suspended the task force model in 2012 amid rampant allegations of racial profiling and civil rights violations in some communities — most infamously Maricopa County, Arizona, where then-Sheriff Joe Arpaio, an early adopter of the 287(g) program, implemented an aggressive, nakedly racist enforcement regime. But Trump brought back that task force model, which makes up the majority of new agreements. 287(g)安排有三种类型：监狱执法模式和逮捕令服务官员模式涉及将人员从地方监狱转移至ICE拘留所；第三种是特遣部队模式，允许警官因涉嫌违反移民法而拦截民众。奥巴马政府曾在2012年暂停了特遣部队模式，当时一些社区充斥着关于种族定性和侵犯民权的指控——最臭名昭著的是亚利桑那州马里科帕县，时任治安官乔·阿尔派奥（Joe Arpaio）作为287(g)项目的早期采用者，实施了一套激进且赤裸裸的种族主义执法制度。但特朗普恢复了这一特遣部队模式，该模式目前占新协议的大多数。