Cars collect a startling amount of data about you
Cars collect a startling amount of data about you
汽车收集的个人数据量令人震惊
Trillions of miles of data: Your car is spying on you, and it’s only just the beginning. From your weight and facial expressions to your destination, cars collect a startling amount of data about you. Some of it may even raise your insurance costs. But you can take some simple steps to limit what they know about you. 数万亿英里的数据：你的汽车正在监视你，而这仅仅是个开始。从你的体重、面部表情到你的目的地，汽车收集的个人数据量令人震惊。其中一些数据甚至可能导致你的保险费用上涨。但你可以采取一些简单的措施来限制它们对你的了解。
Cars used to mean freedom. When I first got the keys to the old family Toyota it was a rite of passage, a sign I was old enough to step away from the watchful eyes of my parents and enter a world where time and decisions were mine alone. Things change. 汽车曾经意味着自由。当我第一次拿到家里那辆旧丰田车的钥匙时，那是一种成长的仪式，标志着我已足够成熟，可以脱离父母的注视，进入一个时间和决定都由我独自掌控的世界。但时代变了。
Modern cars are computers on wheels, and giant corporations are using them to suck up intimate details about your life and make more money. If you think driving today is a chance for solitude and independence, think again. And it looks like it’s about to get a lot worse. 现代汽车是装在轮子上的计算机，大型企业正利用它们来攫取你生活中的私密细节以赚取更多利润。如果你认为今天的驾驶依然是享受孤独和独立的机会，那你就错了。而且情况似乎还会变得更糟。
Car companies will tell you themselves if you wade through their privacy policies. The information they harvest can include precise location data about everywhere you go, who’s in the car with you, what’s on the radio and whether you buckle your seatbelt, drive too fast or brake too hard. Some can gather details you might not expect like your weight, age, race and facial expressions. Do you pick your nose? Some cars have cameras on the inside pointed at the driver’s seat. And most come with internet connections that can ship off that data as you drive in blissful ignorance. 如果你仔细阅读汽车公司的隐私政策，它们会亲自告诉你。它们收集的信息可能包括你所到之处的精确位置数据、车内乘客身份、收音机播放内容，以及你是否系好安全带、是否超速或急刹车。有些车甚至能收集你意想不到的细节，如体重、年龄、种族和面部表情。你会挖鼻孔吗？有些车内设有对准驾驶座的摄像头。而且大多数汽车都配备了互联网连接，可以在你浑然不觉的情况下，在你驾驶时将这些数据发送出去。
This is a privacy problem that can cost you money. Among the biggest customers for car data are insurance companies, and they’re using it to charge some people higher prices. But there’s no telling where your information is going. Some car companies admit they sell your data, but they don’t have to say who’s buying. That’s to say nothing of the fact that you might find it a little creepy. 这是一个可能让你破费的隐私问题。汽车数据的最大客户之一是保险公司，他们正利用这些数据向部分车主收取更高的保费。但没人知道你的信息最终流向了哪里。一些汽车公司承认会出售你的数据，但它们无需透露买家是谁。更不用说，你可能会觉得这一切令人毛骨悚然。
Most consumers, experts say, have no idea it’s even happening. “People would be shocked at the number of data points that their car collects and transmits to other people, either the manufacturer or third-party applications,” says Darrell West, a senior fellow in the Center for Technology Innovation at the Brookings Institute in Washington DC. “It basically means your life can be recreated almost on a second-by-second basis.” 专家表示，大多数消费者根本不知道这种情况正在发生。华盛顿特区布鲁金斯学会技术创新中心高级研究员达雷尔·韦斯特（Darrell West）说：“如果人们知道他们的汽车收集并传输给制造商或第三方应用的数据点数量，一定会感到震惊。这基本上意味着你的生活几乎可以被逐秒重现。”
Feeling uncomfortable yet? A federal law is about to increase the amount of data your car can gather about you. It will soon require American car companies to install infrared biometric cameras and other systems to scan your body language, track your eyes or other aspects of your behaviour to detect whether you’re too drunk or tired to drive. But it will also open up a whole new trove of data about your health and your habits. There are no rules limiting what the car companies can do with that information. 感到不安了吗？一项联邦法律即将增加你的汽车所能收集的数据量。它很快将要求美国汽车公司安装红外生物识别摄像头和其他系统，以扫描你的肢体语言、追踪你的眼睛或行为的其他方面，从而检测你是否因醉酒或疲劳而不适合驾驶。但这也将开启一个关于你健康和习惯的全新数据宝库。目前没有任何规则限制汽车公司如何使用这些信息。
With automakers set to expand their data empires, this is a critical moment to understand what’s happening under the hood and how it affects you. 随着汽车制造商准备扩张其数据帝国，现在是了解“引擎盖下”究竟发生了什么以及它如何影响你的关键时刻。
The data superhighway: If your car is even relatively new, it’s probably involved. The consulting firm McKinsey found 50% of cars on the road in 2021 had internet connections and predicted the number will rise to 95% by 2030. If your car is hooked up to the internet, privacy is almost certainly an issue you need to care about. 数据高速公路：如果你的车相对较新，它很可能已经卷入其中。咨询公司麦肯锡发现，2021年上路的汽车中，50%拥有互联网连接，并预测到2030年这一比例将上升至95%。如果你的车连接了互联网，隐私几乎肯定是你需要关心的问题。
A 2023 analysis by Mozilla, the maker of the Firefox browser, examined the privacy policies of 25 car brands. Every one failed to meet the privacy and security standards that Mozilla uses to compare brands. Mozilla said cars were “the worst product category we have ever reviewed for privacy”. 火狐浏览器开发商Mozilla在2023年的一项分析中审查了25个汽车品牌的隐私政策。每一个品牌都未能达到Mozilla用于比较品牌的隐私和安全标准。Mozilla称，汽车是“我们审查过的隐私保护最差的产品类别”。
According to the report, car companies reserve the right to collect details including your name, age, race, weight, financial details, facial expressions, psychological trends and more. Kia’s privacy policy, for example, suggests the company may even collect details about your “sex life” and general health. 报告显示，汽车公司保留收集包括姓名、年龄、种族、体重、财务细节、面部表情、心理倾向等信息的权利。例如，起亚（Kia）的隐私政策显示，该公司甚至可能收集关于你“性生活”和一般健康状况的细节。
Kia spokesperson James Bell says the company has never actually collected data on drivers’ sex lives or health. These details only appear in Kia’s privacy policy because the company is listing California’s definition of “sensitive data”, he says. Bell says Kia’s privacy practices are transparent and the company only shares data with insurance companies if drivers opt in. The company did not explain what kinds of “sensitive data” it does collect, however. 起亚发言人詹姆斯·贝尔（James Bell）表示，该公司从未真正收集过驾驶员的性生活或健康数据。他说，这些细节出现在起亚的隐私政策中，仅仅是因为公司列出了加州对“敏感数据”的定义。贝尔表示，起亚的隐私做法是透明的，只有在驾驶员选择加入的情况下，公司才会与保险公司共享数据。然而，该公司并未解释它究竟收集了哪些种类的“敏感数据”。