xAI Asks Court to Strip Alleged Grok Deepfake Nudes Victims of Anonymity

xAI 请求法院剥夺 Grok 深度伪造裸照受害者的匿名权

Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence firm, xAI, is requesting the public identification of four people who allegedly had deepfake sexualized images created of them using Grok—including one apparently targeted with sexualized deepfake images of them as a child, according to recently filed court documents. 埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）旗下的人工智能公司 xAI 正在请求法院公开四名受害者的身份。据近期提交的法庭文件显示，这四人声称有人利用 Grok 制作了针对他们的深度伪造色情图像，其中一人似乎还成为了儿童色情深度伪造图像的目标。

On May 29, the four main claimants in a federal class-action lawsuit—currently identified as South Carolina Doe, South Carolina Roe, New Jersey Doe, and Ohio Doe—described in affidavits the emotional distress they had suffered after the alleged deepfakes were created earlier this year. The four fear further online harassment and doxing if they are forced to use their real names in the lawsuit against xAI, the documents allege. 5 月 29 日，这起联邦集体诉讼案的四名主要原告（目前代号分别为南卡罗来纳州 Doe、南卡罗来纳州 Roe、新泽西州 Doe 和俄亥俄州 Doe）在宣誓书中描述了今年早些时候这些深度伪造图像出现后，他们所遭受的情感创伤。据文件称，这四人担心如果被迫在针对 xAI 的诉讼中使用真实姓名，他们将面临进一步的网络骚扰和“人肉搜索”（doxing）。

“Having stripped them of their clothes, xAI now seeks to strip Plaintiffs of their pseudonyms in an obvious effort to intimidate Plaintiffs into dropping the litigation by compounding the same harms that they seek to remedy,” Sophia Rios, a lawyer representing the individuals for legal firm Berger Montague, wrote in a recent filing. “Asking this Court to reverse itself, xAI suggests that the abuse it has perpetuated is no big deal.” Rios tells WIRED she is unable to comment beyond what is written in the filings. “xAI 剥夺了她们的衣物，现在又试图剥夺原告的化名，这显然是想通过加剧她们试图补救的伤害，来恐吓原告放弃诉讼，”代表这些受害者的 Berger Montague 律师事务所律师索菲亚·里奥斯（Sophia Rios）在近期的一份文件中写道。“xAI 请求法院推翻之前的裁决，这暗示其所造成的虐待行为并非什么大不了的事。”里奥斯告诉《连线》（WIRED），她无法就文件内容之外的事项发表评论。

In January, use of the Musk-owned Grok chatbot caused global outrage as scores of men used the generative AI system to create fake images of women “undressed” and in bik的比基尼. The images, which were posted on X, also included sexualized images of apparent children. Analysis from the Center for Countering Digital Hate has claimed Grok was used to create around 3 million sexualized images over just 11 days, with 23,000 of those potentially including children. Facing a wave of lawsuits and regulation around the world, SpaceX, which now owns xAI, has set aside more than $500 million to deal with the fallout. 今年 1 月，马斯克旗下的 Grok 聊天机器人引发了全球公愤，大量男性用户利用该生成式 AI 系统制作女性“脱衣”及身着比基尼的虚假图像。这些发布在 X 平台上的图像中，甚至还包括针对疑似儿童的色情化图像。反数字仇恨中心（Center for Countering Digital Hate）的分析称，Grok 在短短 11 天内被用于制作了约 300 万张色情图像，其中 2.3 万张可能涉及儿童。面对全球范围内的诉讼和监管浪潮，目前拥有 xAI 的 SpaceX 已拨出超过 5 亿美元用于处理后续影响。

The class-action lawsuit against xAI was initially filed in January with one pseudonymous lead claimant. A judge in the US District Court for the Northern District of California approved an order allowing them to be a Jane Doe in the case. The case was later refiled with the four main pseudonymous plaintiffs at the start of May, with the Jane Doe becoming South Carolina Doe. 针对 xAI 的集体诉讼最初于 1 月提起，当时只有一名使用化名的首席原告。美国加利福尼亚北区联邦地区法院的一名法官批准了一项命令，允许其在案件中使用“简·多伊”（Jane Doe，匿名代称）的身份。该案于 5 月初以四名主要化名原告的身份重新提交，原先的“简·多伊”变更为“南卡罗来纳州 Doe”。

Statements in court records say those suing xAI would make their names and personal information known to the company but wanted to use pseudonyms in public to protect their privacy, to not be publicly linked to the images, and to reduce any potential for being further harassed online. Deepfake images of the plaintiffs were not included in any of the public legal filings. 法庭记录中的陈述显示，起诉 xAI 的原告愿意向该公司披露其真实姓名和个人信息，但希望在公开场合使用化名，以保护隐私、避免与这些图像产生公开关联，并减少在网上遭受进一步骚扰的可能性。原告的深度伪造图像并未包含在任何公开的法律文件中。

In the middle of May, xAI filed two motions with the federal district court in northern California asking for the judge to overturn their ruling allowing the use of pseudonyms in the case. The documents state that under civil court laws, which can have some exceptions, cases must name all of the parties involved. Law360 first reported on xAI’s motions asking the previous decision be overturned. 5 月中旬，xAI 向加州北区联邦地区法院提交了两项动议，要求法官推翻允许在案件中使用化名的裁决。文件指出，根据民事法院法律（虽有例外情况），案件必须列出所有相关方的姓名。Law360 最先报道了 xAI 要求推翻此前裁决的动议。

In two motions, xAI’s lawyers claim that real names should be used by those launching the lawsuit as there is a public interest in the identities of those suing the company. They claimed that no evidence has been put forward for any specific further harm or threats to individuals in the case. And they also say that because deepfake images will not be made public as part of the lawsuit, this should assuage any privacy concerns. 在两项动议中，xAI 的律师声称，提起诉讼的人应该使用真实姓名，因为公众有权知道起诉该公司的人的身份。他们声称，目前没有证据表明案件中的个人会受到任何具体的进一步伤害或威胁。他们还表示，由于深度伪造图像不会作为诉讼的一部分公开，这应该能缓解任何隐私方面的担忧。

“Factoring out the deepfake image itself—as it will remain under seal—there is nothing inherently stigmatizing about revealing the fact that a deepfake image was created of South Carolina Doe without revealing the image itself,” the lawyers wrote in one of their May 15 filings. “As a result, this case simply does not involve the types of compelling privacy interests traditionally recognized as requiring pseudonymity.” “撇开深度伪造图像本身不谈——因为它将保持密封——仅仅披露‘南卡罗来纳州 Doe 的深度伪造图像已被制作’这一事实，而不展示图像本身，并没有什么本质上的污名化，”律师在 5 月 15 日提交的一份文件中写道。“因此，本案根本不涉及传统上被认为需要匿名保护的那种重大利益隐私。”

Neither xAI nor lawyers representing the company responded to WIRED’s request for comment about the case. xAI 和代表该公司的律师均未回应《连线》就此案提出的置评请求。

Danielle Citron, a law professor at the University of Virginia School of Law who has specialized in tackling digital abuse, says civil cases where people are ordered to sue using their real names can lead to lawsuits being dropped, creating an “unacceptable and unjust” situation. “Forcing plaintiffs in privacy suits to sue in their names does so little for judicial transparency and so much to deter litigation,” Citron tells WIRED. 弗吉尼亚大学法学院专门研究数字虐待问题的法学教授丹妮尔·西特伦（Danielle Citron）表示，如果民事案件中原告被强制要求使用真实姓名，可能会导致诉讼被撤回，从而造成一种“不可接受且不公正”的局面。“强迫隐私诉讼的原告使用真实姓名，对司法透明度几乎没有帮助，却极大地阻碍了诉讼，”西特伦告诉《连线》。

All of the four pseudonyms claimants in the case, according to their legal filings on May 29, would consider dropping out of the proceedings if their names had to be revealed. In these most recent filings, lawyers for the claimants say xAI’s request should be denied, adding that the case is about “highly personal and embarrassing deepfakes depicting Plaintiffs that were disseminated without their consent.” 根据 5 月 29 日提交的法律文件，本案中的四名化名原告均表示，如果必须公开姓名，他们将考虑退出诉讼。在这些最新文件中，原告律师表示应驳回 xAI 的请求，并补充说该案涉及“描绘原告的高度个人化且令人尴尬的深度伪造图像，这些图像是在未经她们同意的情况下传播的。”

The South Carolina Doe described how they found the alleged deepfake of them “stripped down to a revealing bikini” online and says how it shows her body “in a way that I would not ever share publicly.” They claim they were worried about what employers or colleagues would think if they saw the image, and they feared being further targeted online. “I was also overcome with disgust at the thought of what the individual who had asked Grok to create the deepfake was doing with the photo,” they wrote. “南卡罗来纳州 Doe”描述了他们如何在网上发现自己被“脱得只剩一件暴露的比基尼”的深度伪造图像，并称这展示了她“绝不会公开分享”的身体部位。他们声称担心雇主或同事看到这些图像后会怎么想，并害怕在网上受到进一步的针对。“一想到那个要求 Grok 制作深度伪造图像的人正在用这张照片做什么，我就感到无比恶心，”他们写道。

“If I were forced to reveal my name publicly as part of this case, I would fear that those who support Elon Musk, his companies, and Grok, whom I have observed to be very vocal online, would find my name in the public record, disseminate it, dox me, and retaliate against me by creating additional and more extreme deepfakes of me,” the filing says. “如果我被迫在本案中公开姓名，我担心那些支持埃隆·马斯克、他的公司以及 Grok 的人——我观察到他们在网上非常活跃——会从公共记录中找到我的名字，传播它，对我进行人肉搜索，并通过制作更多、更极端的深度伪造图像来对我进行报复，”文件中写道。

Similar statements from the other alleged deepfake victims describe them experiencing “severe emotional distress,” embarrassment, and shock at seeing the images created without their consent. Broadly, other victims of deepfake sexual abuse and nonconsensual imagery have described feeling similar ways. 其他深度伪造受害者的类似陈述描述了他们在看到未经同意制作的图像时所经历的“严重情感创伤”、尴尬和震惊。从更广泛的角度来看，其他遭受深度伪造性虐待和非自愿图像侵害的受害者也表达了类似的感受。