Trump plan to test AI models has a problem—US security teams were gutted by DOGE

特朗普的AI模型测试计划面临难题——美国安全团队已被“政府效率部”（DOGE）掏空

On Tuesday, Donald Trump finally signed his executive order expanding the government’s efforts to conduct voluntary safety testing of frontier AI models. Now, critics are warning that the order may be short-sighted, offering only performative reassurances that the government is actively monitoring for AI risks, while changing very little about how and when models are deployed.

周二，唐纳德·特朗普终于签署了行政命令，扩大政府对前沿人工智能模型进行自愿安全测试的力度。目前，批评人士警告称，该命令可能目光短浅，仅提供了一种“表演性”的保证，即政府正在积极监控人工智能风险，但在模型部署的方式和时间上几乎没有做出任何改变。

Last month, Trump abruptly canceled a signing event, where he had hoped to launch an earlier version of the EO with CEOs of leading AI firms in attendance. Invited at the last minute, several CEOs simply couldn’t make the signing but still signaled support for the order. Officially, Trump claimed he postponed the event because he worried that the EO might have gone too far and had become a “blocker” impeding AI innovation.

上个月，特朗普突然取消了一场签署仪式，他原计划与领先人工智能公司的首席执行官们共同发布该行政命令的早期版本。由于受邀时间仓促，几位首席执行官无法出席，但仍表示支持该命令。官方称，特朗普推迟活动是因为担心该命令可能走得太远，成为阻碍人工智能创新的“绊脚石”。

Reports indicated there was infighting in his administration as cybersecurity experts clashed with officials committed to deregulating AI. The watered-down EO that Trump signed promises not “to stifle this innovation with overly burdensome regulation” and establishes no requirements for AI firms. Instead, it sets up a voluntary process for companies to collaborate with the government on safety reviews that Trump’s EO claimed would “ensure that the best and most secure technology is deployed rapidly to confront any and all threats to our country.”

据报道，特朗普政府内部存在内讧，网络安全专家与致力于人工智能去监管化的官员发生了冲突。特朗普最终签署的这份“缩水版”行政命令承诺“不会以过于繁重的监管扼杀创新”，且未对人工智能公司设定任何强制要求。相反，它建立了一个自愿流程，供企业与政府合作进行安全审查。特朗普的行政命令声称，这将“确保最优秀、最安全的技术能够迅速部署，以应对我国面临的所有威胁”。

Under this order, Trump wrote, “we will continue to lead an America First cybersecurity effort that enhances both our national security and our global AI dominance.” However, experts reviewing the EO suggest that not much changed between the leaked draft that prompted industry backlash and the order that Trump eventually signed without making a big event involving CEOs.

特朗普在命令中写道：“我们将继续领导‘美国优先’的网络安全工作，既加强我们的国家安全，又巩固我们在全球人工智能领域的统治地位。”然而，审阅该命令的专家认为，从引发行业强烈抵制的泄露草案到特朗普最终签署的正式版本，内容并没有太大变化，且签署过程也并未像原计划那样邀请首席执行官们举行大型活动。

The biggest difference, sources told Politico, is the amount of time that the government will have to conduct voluntary testing. Trump’s scrapped EO would’ve sought access to models up to 90 days ahead of other trusted partners, giving the federal government a wider window to test for and patch up vulnerabilities. But Trump apparently felt such a wide window risked setting the US back in the AI race, so he pivoted to sign a version of the order that shortens the window to 30 days.

消息人士告诉《政客》（Politico），最大的区别在于政府进行自愿测试的时间。特朗普被废弃的行政命令草案曾寻求在其他受信任合作伙伴之前提前90天获取模型访问权限，这为联邦政府提供了更宽裕的时间窗口来测试和修补漏洞。但特朗普显然认为，如此长的时间窗口可能会导致美国在人工智能竞赛中落后，因此他转而签署了一个将窗口期缩短至30天的版本。

What does the EO say? 该行政命令说了什么？

Under the order, Trump directed the National Security Agency to set up a classified benchmarking process to determine the threshold for designating an AI model as a “covered frontier model.” The NSA must also collaborate with the US Treasury Department and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to establish a “cybersecurity clearinghouse” to scan and patch vulnerabilities at scale, as well as a voluntary framework for AI developers to submit models for safety testing.

根据该命令，特朗普指示国家安全局（NSA）建立一个机密的基准测试流程，以确定将人工智能模型指定为“受监管前沿模型”的阈值。国家安全局还必须与美国财政部及网络安全与基础设施安全局（CISA）合作，建立一个“网络安全信息交换中心”，以大规模扫描和修补漏洞，并为人工智能开发者提交模型进行安全测试建立自愿框架。

Critics have pointed out, however, that the text of the EO makes it clear how unprepared the government is to conduct meaningful safety testing in such short timeframes. Trump wants these processes set up within 30 days, but it will seemingly take longer than that for the government to recruit talent and develop expertise to conduct the safety tests. The EO gives the Office of Personnel Management 60 days to “expand the United States Tech Force Information Cybersecurity Specialist hiring and placement pathways.”

然而，批评人士指出，行政命令的文本清楚地表明，政府在如此短的时间内进行有意义的安全测试是多么准备不足。特朗普希望在30天内建立这些流程，但政府似乎需要更长的时间来招募人才并培养进行安全测试的专业知识。该命令给予人事管理局60天的时间来“扩大美国技术力量信息网络安全专家的招聘和安置渠道”。

The EO also suggests that funding may be a short-term problem, directing the Office of Management and Budget to “determine whether any Federal grant programs have available and relevant funding that can be directed toward applicants developing advanced AI vulnerability detection.” As a seeming stopgap while the government scrambles to implement the program, Trump apparently plans to increase enforcement to intimidate people who might exploit untested AI models.

该命令还暗示资金可能是一个短期问题，指示管理和预算办公室“确定是否有任何联邦拨款项目拥有可用的相关资金，可以引导至开发先进人工智能漏洞检测的申请者”。作为政府在匆忙实施该计划时的权宜之计，特朗普显然计划加强执法，以威慑那些可能利用未经测试的人工智能模型的人。

The EO directs the attorney general to “prioritize enforcement against individuals who use AI to illegally access or damage computer systems, steal data, or facilitate other criminal activity,” a White House fact sheet said. Trump’s fact sheet claimed the EO strikes “the right balance between innovation and security.” But critics are concerned that Trump’s order—which came in response to public concerns about the cybersecurity risks posed by Anthropic’s model Mythos—appears short-sighted and depends too much on AI firms’ goodwill to prioritize public safety over profits.

白宫的一份情况说明书称，该命令指示司法部长“优先对利用人工智能非法访问或破坏计算机系统、窃取数据或协助其他犯罪活动的人员进行执法”。特朗普的情况说明书声称，该命令在“创新与安全之间取得了适当的平衡”。但批评人士担心，特朗普的这项命令——旨在回应公众对Anthropic公司模型Mythos所带来的网络安全风险的担忧——显得目光短浅，且过于依赖人工智能公司的善意，即指望它们将公共安全置于利润之上。

DOGE cuts may set back safety testing DOGE（政府效率部）的削减可能会阻碍安全测试

In a post picking apart Trump’s EO, two experts from the nonpartisan think tank the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) explained the significance of the order and what seem to be glaring flaws. Matthew Ferren, an international affairs fellow in national security, suggested that the EO is “best understood as an attempt to engineer a cybersecurity window of opportunity” that “grants defenders preferential access to frontier cyber capabilities while attempting to delay adversary access.”

在剖析特朗普行政命令的一篇文章中，来自无党派智库外交关系协会（CFR）的两名专家解释了该命令的意义及其看似明显的缺陷。国家安全领域的国际事务研究员马修·费伦（Matthew Ferren）认为，该命令“最好被理解为试图设计一个网络安全机会窗口”，即“在试图延迟对手访问的同时，给予防御者优先获取前沿网络能力的权限”。

“The goal is for defenders to find and fix critical vulnerabilities faster than adversaries can exploit them, but that will likely prove difficult,” Ferren wrote. While finding vulnerabilities may be easy, consistently patching critical government systems to protect against risks would likely be challenging, Ferren suggested, especially without a specialized team of government experts.

费伦写道：“目标是让防御者比对手更快地发现并修复关键漏洞，但这很可能会被证明是困难的。”费伦指出，虽然发现漏洞可能很容易，但要持续修补关键政府系统以防范风险可能会充满挑战，尤其是在缺乏专业政府专家团队的情况下。

Last year, CISA was one of the hardest-hit agencies during the Department of Government Efficiency cuts. The government’s top cybersecurity recruits were “decimated,” CBS News reported, as top officers were fired, the agency was gutted, and cybersecurity contracts were canceled, Time Magazine reported. Ferren wrote that the steep cuts to CISA may b…

去年，CISA是“政府效率部”（DOGE）削减开支期间受打击最严重的机构之一。据哥伦比亚广播公司新闻报道，政府顶尖的网络安全新兵被“大量裁减”；《时代》杂志报道称，高级官员被解雇，该机构被掏空，网络安全合同也被取消。费伦写道，对CISA的大幅削减可能会……