Trump Risks Key Surveillance Authority Over ‘Unqualified’ Spy-Chief Pick
Trump Risks Key Surveillance Authority Over ‘Unqualified’ Spy-Chief Pick
特朗普因“不合格”情报主管人选，危及关键监控授权
A sweeping warrantless surveillance authority remains on track to expire Friday, with no clear path to a deal, after President Donald Trump refused this week to abandon his pick of housing official Bill Pulte to temporarily lead the US intelligence community—even tasking Pulte with gutting the Office of the Director of National Intelligence in a DOGE-style “downsizing“ before a permanent director is named.
一项广泛的无证监控授权即将于周五到期，且目前尚无明确的协议达成路径。此前，唐纳德·特朗普总统本周拒绝放弃其提名的住房官员比尔·普尔特（Bill Pulte）作为美国情报界的临时领导人，甚至要求普尔特在任命常任局长之前，以“政府效率部”（DOGE）式的“精简”手段对国家情报总监办公室进行大刀阔斧的裁撤。
In a Truth Social post after his second White House meeting in two days with House speaker Mike Johnson, Trump called Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act “very important to our military, and keeping the American people safe” and asked Congress for a short-term extension to give him time to find a permanent director of national intelligence.
在与众议院议长迈克·约翰逊（Mike Johnson）两天内的第二次白宫会晤后，特朗普在“真实社交”（Truth Social）平台上发文，称《外国情报监视法》（FISA）第702条款“对我们的军队和保障美国人民安全非常重要”，并要求国会进行短期延期，以便他有时间寻找一位常任国家情报总监。
Section 702 lets the government collect the communications of foreign targets abroad without a warrant, sweeping in an unknown volume of Americans’ messages that the FBI can later search. It faces a first-ever lapse in its legal authorization if Congress does not act by the end of Friday, June 12. Any renewal needs 60 votes in a Senate where Republicans hold 53 seats.
第702条款允许政府在无需搜查令的情况下收集海外外国目标的通信信息，其中包含了大量美国人的信息，联邦调查局（FBI）随后可以对其进行搜索。如果国会不在6月12日周五结束前采取行动，该条款的法律授权将面临史上首次失效。任何延期都需要在共和党拥有53个席位的参议院获得60票支持。
The director of national intelligence oversees the program, and Pulte’s appointment as acting DNI has become the major sticking point. Reauthorization had been on a workable path until Trump named him as Tulsi Gabbard’s replacement early last week. Senate leaders then could not muster enough votes to pass even a motion to begin debate on the program, with seven Republicans breaking from the party to join Democrats. The Republican holdouts want a warrant requirement to query Americans’ data, which the administration rejects; Democrats refuse to advance the bill while Pulte is in line for the job.
国家情报总监负责监管该项目，而普尔特被任命为代理总监已成为主要的症结所在。在上周初特朗普提名他接替图尔西·加巴德（Tulsi Gabbard）之前，授权延期本已走上正轨。随后，参议院领导人甚至无法凑齐足够的票数来通过关于该项目的辩论动议，七名共和党人倒戈加入了民主党阵营。共和党内的反对派要求在查询美国人数据时必须具备搜查令，但政府拒绝了这一要求；而民主党则拒绝在普尔特仍是候选人的情况下推进该法案。
As head of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Pulte has sent the Justice Department criminal referrals alleging mortgage fraud by Trump critics including New York attorney general Letitia James, Senator Adam Schiff, and Federal Reserve governor Lisa Cook—nearly identical allegations, which all have denied, against three of Trump’s highest-profile critics. He has no intelligence background, despite a post-9/11 statute requiring the director to have “extensive national security expertise.” Senator Mark Warner, the top Democrat on the Intelligence Committee and a coauthor of last week’s stalled bipartisan compromise, said someone with a history of weaponizing confidential information should not be handed the role.
作为联邦住房金融局局长，普尔特曾向司法部提交刑事转介，指控包括纽约州总检察长莱蒂西亚·詹姆斯（Letitia James）、参议员亚当·希夫（Adam Schiff）和美联储理事丽莎·库克（Lisa Cook）在内的特朗普批评者涉嫌抵押贷款欺诈——这些针对特朗普三位最高调批评者的指控几乎如出一辙，且均已被当事人否认。尽管“9·11”事件后的法规要求总监必须具备“广泛的国家安全专业知识”，但他并无任何情报背景。参议院情报委员会最高民主党人、上周陷入僵局的两党妥协方案共同起草人马克·华纳（Mark Warner）参议员表示，有滥用机密信息前科的人不应被委以重任。
House minority leader Hakeem Jeffries has drawn a hard line over the appointment. Negotiations were “already in a very sensitive place,“ he told reporters Monday, when “Donald Trump, as he often does, tosses a hand grenade” by elevating Pulte. In a separate interview, Jeffries called Pulte “deeply unqualified” and “deeply dangerous,” with no national security, military, or law enforcement background and a demonstrated willingness to “weaponize the federal government against Donald Trump’s perceived adversaries.”
众议院少数党领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯（Hakeem Jeffries）对这一任命划定了强硬底线。他周一告诉记者，谈判“本已处于非常敏感的阶段”，但“唐纳德·特朗普像往常一样扔出了一枚手榴弹”，提拔了普尔特。在另一次采访中，杰弗里斯称普尔特“极其不合格”且“极其危险”，他不仅没有国家安全、军事或执法背景，还表现出愿意“将联邦政府武器化，以对付唐纳德·特朗普眼中的对手”。
Withdrawing the appointment, he said, was a necessary but not sufficient condition for a deal: “That’s a starting point, not an ending point,” he said. “And then we can see if we can responsibly get to a place where there are enough reforms built into the law to provide guardrails and protect the American people.”
他表示，撤回该任命是达成协议的必要条件，但非充分条件：“这是一个起点，而不是终点，”他说。“之后我们才能看看能否负责任地达成共识，在法律中建立足够的改革，以提供护栏并保护美国人民。”
GOP leaders have pressed the White House for an off-ramp. Senate majority leader John Thune said the administration was “weighing seriously“ naming a permanent, Senate-confirmed director, while claiming the program is essential heading into the World Cup and the country’s 250th anniversary celebrations—framing the president echoed on Truth Social on Wednesday. Senator John Cornyn was more direct: “I’m still seeking any evidence of qualifications. And Democrats are not going to vote to pass 702 until he’s withdrawn.”
共和党领导人已敦促白宫寻找退路。参议院多数党领袖约翰·图恩（John Thune）表示，政府正在“认真考虑”任命一位经参议院确认的常任总监，同时声称该项目对于即将到来的世界杯和国家250周年庆典至关重要——这一论调与总统周三在“真实社交”上的表态如出一辙。参议员约翰·科宁（John Cornyn）则更为直接：“我仍在寻找他具备资格的任何证据。在撤回他的提名之前，民主党人是不会投票通过702条款的。”
Cornyn said materials from Section 702 generate roughly 60 percent of the President’s Daily Brief, a figure Senate Judiciary chairman Chuck Grassley has also cited.
科宁表示，来自第702条款的情报资料约占《总统每日简报》的60%，参议院司法委员会主席查克·格拉斯利（Chuck Grassley）也引用过这一数字。
Some Republicans dispute the catastrophe framing. Representative Keith Self of Texas called the warnings “hysteria,” arguing that other FISA authorities remain in force and that proponents should accept reforms such as a warrant requirement: “FISA isn’t going dark. We have the law. We have precedent from 2008. Don’t fall for the scare tactics.” The libertarian Cato Institute has made a similar point.
一些共和党人对这种“灾难论”表示质疑。德克萨斯州众议员基思·塞尔夫（Keith Self）称这些警告是“歇斯底里”，并认为其他FISA授权仍然有效，支持者应该接受诸如搜查令要求之类的改革：“FISA不会陷入黑暗。我们有法律，我们有2008年的先例。不要被恐吓策略所迷惑。”自由意志主义智库卡托研究所（Cato Institute）也表达了类似的观点。
“The [702] program has the FISA court’s permission to continue for another year, so it will continue whether we act or not,” said a senior Republican aide on a relevant committee. “None of the members saying the program is ending Friday will be claiming it’s actually dead on Monday—especially those on intel. They know better.”
“（702）项目已经获得了FISA法院的许可，可以再持续一年，所以无论我们是否采取行动，它都会继续，”相关委员会的一位共和党高级助手表示。“那些声称该项目周五结束的议员，没有一个人会在周一宣称它真的死了——尤其是那些情报委员会的成员。他们心里很清楚。”
Hajar Hammado, a senior policy adviser at Demand Progress, was sharper still. “If Republican leadership actually believed their baseless fearmongering about security at the World Cup, then they would do what needs to be done to get a deal to renew FISA by finally allowing votes on warrant requirements,” she said. “Any threats to national security during the World Cup fall squarely in the hands of Cotton, Grassley, and Trump officials who still refuse to allow votes on popular bipartisan reforms.” She added that the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court has already ruled that 702 surveillance remains in effect until March 2027 under existing orders. This makes Johnson’s and Thune’s warnings about imminent national security consequences, in her view, a threat to civil liberties dressed up as urgency.
“Demand Progress”组织的高级政策顾问哈贾尔·哈马多（Hajar Hammado）的批评更为尖锐。“如果共和党领导层真的相信他们关于世界杯安全问题的毫无根据的恐吓，那么他们就应该采取必要行动，通过最终允许对搜查令要求进行投票来达成续签FISA的协议，”她说。“世界杯期间任何对国家安全的威胁，都完全归咎于科顿（Cotton）、格拉斯利（Grassley）和特朗普政府官员，他们至今拒绝允许对广受欢迎的两党改革方案进行投票。”她补充说，外国情报监视法院已经裁定，根据现有命令，702监控将持续有效至2027年3月。在她看来，这使得约翰逊和图恩关于迫在眉睫的国家安全后果的警告，变成了披着紧迫感外衣的对公民自由的威胁。
Even so, the Republican chairs of the Senate Intelligence and Judiciary committees, Tom Cotton and Chuck Grassley, respectively, have asked the administration to plan for a collection gap—including, if necessary, drafting an executive order to fill it.
即便如此，参议院情报委员会和司法委员会的共和党主席汤姆·科顿（Tom Cotton）和查克·格拉斯利（Chuck Grassley）已要求政府为可能出现的收集缺口做好计划——包括在必要时起草行政命令来填补这一空白。
Jake Laperruque, a surveillance policy expert at the Center for Democracy and Technology, said the standoff is a symptom of a deliberate process failure. “We don’t need to go through a sunset, a
民主与技术中心（Center for Democracy and Technology）的监控政策专家杰克·拉佩鲁克（Jake Laperruque）表示，这种僵局是蓄意程序失败的症状。“我们不需要经历这种日落条款的危机……”