GM Energy introduces V2G support and new energy storage battery chemistry
GM Energy introduces V2G support and new energy storage battery chemistry
通用汽车能源公司（GM Energy）引入 V2G 支持及新型储能电池化学技术
Electric vehicle sales might be better now than the end of last year when demand fell off a cliff following the surge of purchases ahead of the end of the federal financial incentives, but it’s clear they haven’t panned out as well as many in the automotive industry had hoped. Still, at a GM event Ars attended in San Francisco this week, the company continues to stick to its guns with an EV lineup spanning its brands. 尽管电动汽车的销量目前可能好于去年年底（当时在联邦财政激励措施结束前出现抢购潮，随后需求断崖式下跌），但显然其表现并未达到汽车行业许多人的预期。不过，在本周于旧金山举行的通用汽车活动上，该公司表示将继续坚定不移地推进其覆盖旗下各品牌的电动汽车产品线。
The automaker shared that it has also been working toward the adoption of bidirectional charging to help balance the grid. With the rise of AI, data centers are placing more and more pressure on the nation’s electric infrastructure. GM wants to relieve some of that pressure with news that its GM Energy products now support vehicle-to-grid (V2G) in addition to vehicle-to-home. The grid integration requires working with utilities and includes launch partners PG&E in California and DTE Energy in Michigan. 这家汽车制造商表示，他们也一直在致力于采用双向充电技术，以帮助平衡电网。随着人工智能的兴起，数据中心正给国家的电力基础设施带来越来越大的压力。通用汽车希望通过其 GM Energy 产品在支持“车到家”（V2H）的基础上增加对“车到电网”（V2G）的支持，从而缓解部分压力。这种电网集成需要与公用事业公司合作，首批合作伙伴包括加州的 PG&E 和密歇根州的 DTE Energy。
For standalone energy storage solutions, the company also announced partnering with Peak Energy on the development of sodium-ion batteries built specifically for grid energy storage. 在独立储能解决方案方面，该公司还宣布与 Peak Energy 合作，开发专门用于电网储能的钠离子电池。
Power from the people
来自民众的电力
A desire to reduce friction, and do so quickly, created benefits for potential EV and V2G customers. GM learned during pilot programs that it needed to make everything easier to use. It now hopes that ease-of-use translates into GM Energy system sales. “Our mission is to deliver a customer experience like none other to that customer,” GM Energy Vice President Wade Sheffer said during an interview. “So everything has to be focused there [on bi-directional charging], that’s it. That’s our intent, and the speed at which we do it is going to be important.” 减少摩擦并快速实现这一目标的愿望，为潜在的电动汽车和 V2G 用户带来了益处。通用汽车在试点项目中了解到，它需要让一切变得更易于使用。该公司现在希望这种易用性能够转化为 GM Energy 系统的销量。“我们的使命是为客户提供独一无二的体验，”GM Energy 副总裁 Wade Sheffer 在接受采访时表示，“所以一切都必须聚焦于此（双向充电），就是这样。这是我们的意图，而我们实现这一目标的速度将至关重要。”
The company says it currently has over 250,000 EVs on the road that support bi-directional charging. While not every EV owner would be able to have a home energy system—good luck talking your landlord into adding a bi-directional charger to your apartment building—those that can and will could have a significant effect on the grid. By 2030, PG&E and GM are targeting 52,000 vehicles in the utility’s operating area supporting the grid with V2G. According to GM and PG&E, that’s enough to power every home in San Francisco for half a day. “This is really where EVs start to matter, even for those that don’t own them,” Sheffer told the audience. 该公司表示，目前路上行驶的、支持双向充电的电动汽车已超过 25 万辆。虽然并非每位电动汽车车主都能拥有家庭能源系统——毕竟很难说服房东在公寓楼里安装双向充电器——但那些能够且愿意安装的用户可能会对电网产生重大影响。到 2030 年，PG&E 和通用汽车的目标是在该公用事业公司的运营区域内，有 52,000 辆汽车通过 V2G 支持电网。据通用汽车和 PG&E 称，这足以满足旧金山所有家庭半天的用电需求。“这正是电动汽车开始发挥作用的地方，即使是对那些不拥有电动汽车的人来说也是如此，”Sheffer 对听众说道。
Interoperability remains a challenge. The ISO 15118-20 plug-and-charge standard was updated in 2025 to support native V2G. Of course, that standard requires not just every EV and charger to implement it, but also requires utilities to play ball. It’s a large group of public and private companies that all need to work together to make this a reality. Until that happens, V2G will still be a walled garden from automaker to automaker. 互操作性仍然是一个挑战。ISO 15118-20 即插即充标准已于 2025 年更新，以支持原生 V2G。当然，该标准不仅要求每辆电动汽车和充电器都必须实施，还要求公用事业公司积极配合。这是一个庞大的公共和私营企业群体，需要共同努力才能实现这一目标。在此之前，V2G 在不同汽车制造商之间仍将是一个“围墙花园”。
For one of the partners, the goal is clear. “I’m here to say, to set the record straight, our grid desperately needs EVs, particularly bi-directional EVs that we can optimize and contribute to the grid,” PG&E CEO Patti Poppe told the assembled press. PG&E has been working on V2G pilot programs for years. Northern California is one of the largest markets for EVs in the nation. It’s also home to some of the most expensive energy costs. The potential for EV owners to save money every month on their bill while supporting the grid during peak charging could be an intriguing proposal. 对于其中一位合作伙伴来说，目标很明确。“我在这里要说明的是，我们的电网迫切需要电动汽车，特别是我们可以优化并贡献给电网的双向电动汽车，”PG&E 首席执行官 Patti Poppe 对在场的媒体表示。PG&E 多年来一直致力于 V2G 试点项目。北加州是全国最大的电动汽车市场之一，也是能源成本最昂贵的地区之一。对于电动汽车车主来说，在高峰充电期间支持电网的同时每月节省电费，这可能是一个极具吸引力的提议。
As for the specter of AI data centers and increased energy costs being passed to customers, Poppe said, “So we’re seeing every gigawatt that we can add to the grid will lower everybody’s rates 1 percent.” Poppe noted that AI could help the company work more efficiently with its current infrastructure. “We’ve initiated a new playbook of doing simultaneous engineering using AI to optimize grid placement, grid utilization, and what the right resources need to be at the right places, so that we can have the lowest cost additions,” Poppe said. It’s yet to be seen if Poppe’s vision works out for PG&E customers. 至于人工智能数据中心带来的阴影以及转嫁给客户的能源成本增加问题，Poppe 表示：“我们看到，我们每向电网增加一吉瓦的电力，就能让每个人的费率降低 1%。”Poppe 指出，人工智能可以帮助公司更有效地利用现有基础设施。“我们启动了一套新的方案，利用人工智能进行同步工程，以优化电网布局、电网利用率，以及确定在正确的地方需要什么样的资源，从而实现最低成本的扩容，”Poppe 说道。Poppe 的愿景能否为 PG&E 的客户带来实效，还有待观察。
Salt of the earth
钠离子电池
The V2G support and deployment to GM’s lineup is important, but for steady grid support, battery storage is the future. Recognizing this, GM also announced sodium-ion batteries that are purpose-built specifically for Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to support the electrical grid. While EV traction batteries require robust charge and discharge cycles while engineered to be as lightweight as possible, ESS batteries require a long life and to be as inexpensive as possible. V2G 的支持和在通用汽车产品线中的部署固然重要，但对于稳定的电网支持而言，电池储能才是未来。意识到这一点，通用汽车还宣布了专门为支持电网的储能系统（ESS）而设计的钠离子电池。虽然电动汽车动力电池需要强大的充放电循环，同时还要尽可能轻量化，但储能电池则要求长寿命且尽可能低成本。
“Our strategy is simple: develop the right battery for the right application,” Kurt Kelty, GM’s vice president of battery and sustainability, said at the press briefing in San Francisco. The sodium pyrophosphate (NFPP) batteries being developed in conjunction with Peak Energy, according to Kelty, should be 20 percent less expensive to maintain than currently available ESS batteries. Peak Energy already has sodium-ion NFPP ESS deployed. What GM announced is what it considers the next generation of the battery, and it expects to begin production of its flavor of NFPP in 2028. “我们的策略很简单：为合适的应用开发合适的电池，”通用汽车电池与可持续发展副总裁 Kurt Kelty 在旧金山的新闻发布会上表示。据 Kelty 称，与 Peak Energy 联合开发的焦磷酸钠（NFPP）电池，其维护成本应比目前市面上的储能电池低 20%。Peak Energy 已经部署了钠离子 NFPP 储能系统。通用汽车此次宣布的是其认为的下一代电池，并预计将于 2028 年开始生产其版本的 NFPP 电池。
GM didn’t share the manufacturing cost or the energy density target of its own batteries. Part of the 20 percent decrease in the cost of running the GM-developed sodium-ion battery pack ESS is that the batteries work within a larger operating temperature zone than LFP and NMC, between -40 °C (-40 F) and 60 °C (140 °F). GM also said that it’s targeting 10,000 to 20,000 cycles, which is more than LFP batteries. 通用汽车并未透露其电池的制造成本或能量密度目标。通用汽车开发的钠离子电池组储能系统运行成本降低 20% 的部分原因在于，这些电池的工作温度范围比磷酸铁锂（LFP）和镍钴锰（NMC）电池更广，在 -40 °C 到 60 °C 之间。通用汽车还表示，其目标是实现 10,000 到 20,000 次循环寿命，这超过了磷酸铁锂电池。