Results from the first Anthropic Public Record
Results from the first Anthropic Public Record
首份 Anthropic 公众记录调查结果
We’re conducting a new survey series, Anthropic Public Record, to understand how the public thinks and feels about AI, and presenting a snapshot of the results from the first wave, fielded in November and December of 2025 with nearly 52,000 Americans. 我们正在开展一项名为“Anthropic 公众记录”（Anthropic Public Record）的全新系列调查，旨在了解公众对人工智能的看法与感受。在此，我们展示了于 2025 年 11 月至 12 月期间进行的首轮调查结果，受访者涵盖近 5.2 万名美国民众。
We found: Nearly half (48%) of Americans ranked curing diseases like cancer or Alzheimer’s as one of their top three hopes for AI, followed by helping people with disabilities (36%), then making technological progress and making life easier in general (tied at 23%). 调查发现：近半数（48%）的美国人将治愈癌症或阿尔茨海默病等疾病列为对 AI 的三大期望之一；其次是帮助残障人士（36%），以及推动技术进步和让生活更便捷（两者并列 23%）。
AI-induced job loss was the most common fear in every state, held by 64% of Americans. The second most prominent fear was cognitive dependency (56%), followed by misinformation (52%). AI 导致的失业是各州民众最普遍的担忧，64% 的美国人对此表示忧虑。第二大担忧是认知依赖（56%），紧随其后的是虚假信息（52%）。
Support for government intervention in AI was high: over 70% of the Americans we surveyed believe the government should play a role in regulating AI, and this support was bipartisan. People were most eager to see the government take action on AI in the areas of privacy (56%), child safety (52%), and liability for harm (49%). 民众对政府干预 AI 的支持度很高：超过 70% 的受访美国人认为政府应在 AI 监管中发挥作用，且这种支持跨越了党派界限。人们最希望政府在隐私保护（56%）、儿童安全（52%）以及损害赔偿责任（49%）等领域采取行动。
When asked what would best ensure AI is of benefit to humanity, Americans ranked holding AI companies legally liable for harm (47%) and prioritizing safety over growth (44%) as the highest-leverage actions. 当被问及什么最能确保 AI 造福人类时，美国人认为“让 AI 公司对损害承担法律责任”（47%）和“将安全置于增长之上”（44%）是影响力最大的举措。
Only 15% of Americans said they trust AI companies to make decisions about how AI is developed and used. 仅有 15% 的美国人表示，他们信任 AI 公司能够自主决定 AI 的开发与使用方式。
Strikingly, on most questions, AI did not heavily divide Americans along typical partisan, geographic, or educational lines. In general, there was broad consensus across topics: Americans are eager to realize AI’s promised benefits but fear the disruption it may bring, and they want accountability from the companies building it. To the extent we saw disagreement, it was largely only in the intensity of people’s views. 令人惊讶的是，在大多数问题上，AI 并未因党派、地域或教育背景等传统因素而导致美国民众产生严重分歧。总体而言，各议题之间存在广泛共识：美国人渴望实现 AI 的预期收益，但也担忧其可能带来的破坏，并要求开发 AI 的公司承担责任。我们观察到的分歧，主要仅体现在人们观点的强烈程度上。
This research builds on other work underway at Anthropic to understand how people use Claude and think about AI development. We recently conducted a global qualitative study of 81,000 Claude users through Anthropic Interviewer, our tool for conducting in-depth interviews at scale. We also regularly release data from the Anthropic Economic Index, which draws on anonymized Claude usage data to show how people around the world are employing AI. The Anthropic Public Record survey marks the first time we’ve spoken to the general public, allowing us to reach non-users of AI and better understand how attitudes differ across demographic lines. 这项研究建立在 Anthropic 正在进行的其他工作基础之上，旨在了解人们如何使用 Claude 以及如何看待 AI 开发。我们近期通过大规模深度访谈工具“Anthropic Interviewer”对 8.1 万名 Claude 用户进行了全球定性研究。我们还定期发布“Anthropic 经济指数”（Anthropic Economic Index），利用匿名化的 Claude 使用数据展示全球用户如何应用 AI。此次“Anthropic 公众记录”调查是我们首次面向大众发声，使我们能够触达非 AI 用户，并更好地理解不同人口统计学群体在态度上的差异。
The Anthropic Public Record will be repeated regularly, evolving in scope as new topics become more salient, and allowing us to track how the public’s attitudes towards AI change as model capabilities advance and adoption deepens. In the future, we plan to expand outside the US. “Anthropic 公众记录”将定期开展，并随着新议题的凸显不断调整范围。这将使我们能够追踪随着模型能力的提升和应用普及的深入，公众对 AI 的态度如何发生变化。未来，我们计划将调查范围扩展至美国以外的地区。
Method in brief / 简要方法论
We conducted a nationally representative online survey in November and December of 2025 of 51,993 Americans, sourced from YouGov and weighted to US Census benchmarks. State samples range from n=232 (Alaska) to n=1,902 (New York), with state-level margins of error between ±2.6 and ±9.1 percentage points. More details on the methodology are available in the Appendix. 我们于 2025 年 11 月至 12 月进行了一项具有全国代表性的在线调查，受访者为 51,993 名美国人，样本源自 YouGov 并根据美国人口普查基准进行了加权。各州样本量从 232 人（阿拉斯加州）到 1,902 人（纽约州）不等，州级误差范围在 ±2.6 至 ±9.1 个百分点之间。更多方法论细节请参阅附录。
What Americans hope AI will deliver / 美国人对 AI 的期望
We asked Americans to choose their top three hopes for AI from a list of 17. Curing disease topped the list, with 48% of respondents putting it in their top three, 12 percentage points ahead of the second most commonly selected item, helping people with disabilities, at 36%. Items like therapy and reducing loneliness—or hopes that AI might substitute for human contact—were the lowest ranked of the options presented. 我们要求受访者从 17 个选项中选出对 AI 的三大期望。治愈疾病位居榜首，48% 的受访者将其列入前三，比排名第二的“帮助残障人士”（36%）高出 12 个百分点。而心理治疗、减少孤独感——即希望 AI 能替代人际交往——等选项排名最低。
What Americans fear / 美国人的担忧
We gave respondents a list of 20 possible harms from AI, asked them to flag each one they felt personally concerned by and then to rate each on a five-point scale of how worried they were. We considered any response of 2 (somewhat worried) or higher as worried. (This methodology differs from the question above, in which we asked participants to rank only their three hopes; the numbers aren’t comparable.) 我们向受访者提供了一份包含 20 种 AI 可能带来的危害清单，要求他们标记出个人担忧的项目，并按五分制评估担忧程度。我们将评分 2（有点担心）及以上视为“担忧”。（此方法与上述期望调查不同，后者仅要求受访者对三大期望进行排序，因此数据不可直接比较。）
Job loss was by far the most common concern, held by nearly two-thirds (64%) of Americans. This was followed by cognitive dependency—in which AI integration leaves people unable to think for themselves—at 56%, and misinformation at 52%. Job loss and cognitive dependency were also among the top fears in our qualitative study of 81,000 people using Claude. 失业是目前最普遍的担忧，近三分之二（64%）的美国人对此表示忧虑。其次是认知依赖（56%），即 AI 的整合导致人们丧失独立思考能力；以及虚假信息（52%）。在针对 8.1 万名 Claude 用户的定性研究中，失业和认知依赖同样位列担忧榜前茅。
The most common harms tended to be near-term and concrete: job loss, cognitive dependency, misinformation, criminal use, and surveillance. Each of these fears also predates AI, having precedent in an earlier technology—for example, automation causing job loss, smartphones fostering dependency, and social media spreading misinformation. In general, Americans tended to be more concerned with the misuse of AI than AI misalignment, citing criminal use, surveillance, and terrorism more frequently than, for example, AI “going rogue”. 最常见的担忧往往是近期且具体的：失业、认知依赖、虚假信息、犯罪用途和监控。这些担忧在 AI 出现之前就已存在，在早期技术中均有先例——例如自动化导致失业、智能手机引发依赖、社交媒体传播虚假信息。总体而言，美国人更担心 AI 的滥用而非 AI 的对齐问题，他们提到犯罪、监控和恐怖主义的频率远高于 AI “失控”等问题。
For all but three of the harms we mentioned, a majority of respondents described themselves as “not worried,” but there was no potential harm about which less than 1/4 of Americans had at least some concern. 在我们提到的危害中，除三项外，大多数受访者表示“不担心”，但没有任何一项潜在危害的担忧比例低于 1/4。
Patterns with job loss / 关于失业的模式
Sixty-four percent of Americans are worried that AI will displace jobs. The concern is remarkably evenly distributed. It is the top-ranked fear among Democrats (67%) and Republicans (62%), in households with children (59%) and without (66%), and in every state from Iowa at the high end (71%) to Mississippi at the low end (57%). 64% 的美国人担心 AI 会取代工作岗位。这种担忧分布得非常均匀。无论是在民主党人（67%）还是共和党人（62%）中，在有子女（59%）或无子女（66%）的家庭中，以及在从高位的爱荷华州（71%）到低位的密西西比州（57%）的每一个州，这都是排名第一的担忧。
Job loss concerns are higher among Americans with more education / 高学历人群对失业的担忧更甚
Concerns over job displacement rise with a respondent’s education level. Americans with postgraduate degrees are nearly 10 percentage points more worried about job loss than those with a high school education or less. The workers most worried about displacement, in other words, are the ones whose work already overlaps more closely with what AI is being asked to do—a finding reflected in our economic research team’s… 对岗位被取代的担忧随着受访者教育程度的提高而增加。拥有研究生学位的美国人比高中及以下学历者对失业的担忧高出近 10 个百分点。换句话说，最担心被取代的劳动者，正是那些其工作内容与 AI 目前所能胜任的任务重合度最高的人群——这一发现也反映在我们经济研究团队的……（注：原文此处截断）