Solid-state batteries still aren’t ready, but gels are
Solid-state batteries still aren’t ready, but gels are
固态电池尚未就绪，但凝胶电池已蓄势待发
Semi-solid state batteries are a less volatile bridge to the future. 半固态电池是通往未来的一座更稳定的桥梁。
How it started
起步阶段
Lithium-ion batteries are everywhere as we enter the second quarter of the 21st century, and that’s a problem. From exploding e-bikes in stairwells to lithium-ion power banks combusting midflight, the volatile nature of traditional liquid electrolytes has become an undeniable public safety hazard. 随着我们进入 21 世纪的第二个十年，锂离子电池无处不在，但这带来了一个问题。从楼道里爆炸的电动自行车，到飞行途中自燃的锂电池充电宝，传统液态电解质的易挥发特性已成为不可忽视的公共安全隐患。
In 2025, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) issued recalls for almost 1.9 million power banks from companies like Anker, Baseus, and INIU. It also prompted recalls for tens of thousands of e-bikes over fire concerns, while issuing a rare warning to immediately stop using batteries found in several Rad Power Bikes models. 2025 年，美国消费品安全委员会 (CPSC) 对 Anker、Baseus 和 INIU 等公司的近 190 万个充电宝发布了召回令。此外，由于火灾隐患，数万辆电动自行车也被召回，委员会还罕见地发出警告，要求立即停止使用几款 Rad Power Bikes 型号中配备的电池。
The solution, we’ve been told for at least a decade, is the solid-state battery. Its arrival is perpetually imminent and promises to deliver combustion-free battery cells that are cheap and lightweight, charge quickly, run cool, and hold ungodly amounts of energy in less space. It’s no wonder that everyone stopped in their tracks when Donut Lab claimed to have a “miracle” solid-state battery that was ready for production. We want to believe! 至少十年来，我们一直被告知解决方案是固态电池。它的到来似乎总是“指日可待”，并承诺提供一种不会燃烧的电池单元，既便宜又轻便，充电快、运行温度低，且能在更小的空间内储存惊人的能量。难怪当 Donut Lab 声称拥有一种可投入生产的“奇迹”固态电池时，所有人都停下了脚步。我们多么希望这是真的！
Alas, what sounded too good to be true appears to be exactly that, having now been thoroughly debunked. But while the world was distracted, a new class of improved batteries has been making its way into power banks, e-bikes, and more. 唉，那些听起来好得令人难以置信的事情往往就是如此，如今已被彻底证伪。但就在全世界被吸引住目光的同时，一类新型的改进型电池已经开始进入充电宝、电动自行车等领域。
These next generation batteries aren’t liquid and they’re not solid; they’re something in between. Semi-solid-state batteries are a bridge to the future, with a gel-like composition that offers some benefits of solid-state, with far less risk of the thermal runaway exhibited by traditional lithium-ion batteries. 这些下一代电池既不是液态也不是固态，而是介于两者之间。半固态电池是通往未来的一座桥梁，其凝胶状的成分提供了固态电池的部分优势，同时大大降低了传统锂离子电池所表现出的热失控风险。
How it’s going
现状
In April 2025, I reviewed the “world’s first” semi-solid-state power bank from a company called Kuxiu. Today, several additional brands sell similar products. They cost a little more but pack more energy into the same space and perform better in cold weather. More importantly, they are less likely to overheat and catch fire over their lifetimes, which can be two to three times longer than traditional lithium-ion power banks. 2025 年 4 月，我评测了一款来自 Kuxiu 公司的“全球首款”半固态充电宝。如今，其他几个品牌也在销售类似产品。它们的价格稍高，但在相同体积下能容纳更多能量，且在寒冷天气下的表现更好。更重要的是，它们在整个使用寿命期间过热起火的可能性更小，而其寿命可达传统锂离子充电宝的二到三倍。
Each product launch is usually accompanied by a video showing lab-coated hooligans with hammers, nails, drills, pliers, and knives doing their best to bend, puncture, and tear the batteries. Spoiler: Volatile liquid electrolyte ignites, but the semi-solid gels do not. 每款产品的发布通常都会伴随一段视频，视频中穿着实验服的“破坏者”们用锤子、钉子、电钻、钳子和刀具，竭尽全力地弯曲、刺穿和撕裂电池。剧透一下：易挥发的液态电解质会起火，但半固态凝胶不会。
Aside from the electrolyte, the fundamental design of a semi-solid-state battery is otherwise unchanged. You have an anode on one side of the semi-solid electrolyte and a cathode on the other, with ions scrambling back and forth as the cell charges and discharges. With minor adjustments, semi-solid-state batteries can be manufactured on the same assembly lines as their fire-prone peers. 除了电解质外，半固态电池的基本设计并没有改变。半固态电解质的一侧是阳极，另一侧是阴极，离子在电池充放电过程中来回穿梭。只需稍作调整，半固态电池就可以在与那些易燃电池相同的生产线上制造。
In other words, semi-solid-state batteries don’t need to blow up the present to power the future, and the e-bike industry has taken notice. 换句话说，半固态电池不需要通过“炸毁”现在来驱动未来，而电动自行车行业已经注意到了这一点。
Ride1Up is arguably leading the charge toward semi-solid state in the US. In early May, it announced the Revv1 EVO, or what it calls “the world’s first semi-solid-state electric bike.” The 1,040Wh battery made by Heyuan Lithium Inno is meant to withstand over 1,200 charging cycles, not 500 like typical e-bike batteries, before dropping below 80 percent of its original storage capacity. It can also charge in two hours and better withstand extreme temperatures. It begins shipping in August 2026. Ride1Up 可以说是美国向半固态电池转型的主要推动者。5 月初，该公司发布了 Revv1 EVO，即其所谓的“全球首款半固态电动自行车”。这款由合源锂创（Heyuan Lithium Inno）制造的 1,040Wh 电池，在容量降至原始容量的 80% 以下之前，可承受超过 1,200 次充电循环，而非典型电动自行车电池的 500 次。它还可以在两小时内充满电，并能更好地承受极端温度。该产品将于 2026 年 8 月开始发货。
Not to be outdone, global bicycling giant Giant announced at the end of May that it would also be adopting semi-solid-state batteries. It’s working on at least five mass-produced e-bikes using Heyuan Lithium Inno’s semi-solid-state batteries. It has also partnered with T&D, a battery company spun out of component maker Bafang. Giant says T&D’s battery has 50 percent more capacity compared to lithium-ion and allows them to reduce the frame-integrated weight by 21 percent, according to Bike Europe. We’re still waiting for Giant to reveal the actual e-bikes. 不甘示弱的全球自行车巨头捷安特（Giant）在 5 月底宣布，也将采用半固态电池。该公司正在研发至少五款使用合源锂创半固态电池的量产电动自行车。它还与从零部件制造商八方（Bafang）拆分出来的电池公司 T&D 建立了合作关系。据《Bike Europe》报道，捷安特表示，T&D 的电池容量比锂离子电池高出 50%，并使他们能够将车架集成重量减轻 21%。我们仍在等待捷安特揭晓这些具体的电动自行车产品。
Chinese phones have been capturing headlines with silicon-carbon batteries, but some also feature semi-solid electrolytes. The switch from graphite to silicon-carbon anodes allows these advanced batteries to pack even more energy into less space. Way back in 2024, Vivo announced the X200 series with a battery that combined a semi-solid-state electrolyte with a silicon-carbon anode. This same BlueVolt-branded battery can be found in new Vivo devices like the X300 Ultra. 中国手机厂商凭借硅碳电池占据了头条，但其中一些也采用了半固态电解质。从石墨阳极转向硅碳阳极，使得这些先进电池能在更小的空间内储存更多能量。早在 2024 年，Vivo 就发布了 X200 系列，其电池结合了半固态电解质和硅碳阳极。同样的 BlueVolt 品牌电池也出现在了 Vivo X300 Ultra 等新款设备中。
And that’s just the start. Semi-solid-state batteries are being tested or commercialized in everything from drones to EVs and those big-ass power stations used for home backup during a power outage. 这仅仅是个开始。从无人机到电动汽车，再到停电时用于家庭备用的超大功率电站，半固态电池正在各个领域进行测试或商业化应用。
What happens next
未来展望
The adoption of semi-solid-state batteries across device categories is being driven, in part, by stricter rules imposed by Chinese regulators. 半固态电池在各类设备中的普及，在一定程度上是由中国监管机构实施的更严格法规所推动的。
New rules for e-bikes, for example, which came into force in December 2025, require batteries to pass a puncture test to see if it triggers a fire or explosion. And while power banks aren’t subjected to the same torture during certification, they still need to pass a series of rigorous tests that push liquid electrolytes to their extreme. Otherwise they won’t get China’s… 例如，2025 年 12 月生效的电动自行车新规要求电池必须通过针刺测试，以观察其是否会引发火灾或爆炸。虽然充电宝在认证过程中无需接受同样的“酷刑”，但它们仍需通过一系列严格的测试，将液态电解质推向极限。否则，它们将无法获得中国的……