One Climate Change Innovation: Just Look Up
One Climate Change Innovation: Just Look Up
气候变化的一项创新：抬头看看
Tom Kundig absorbed lessons in resilience before he even knew the word. As a child, he saw many of the industrial and agricultural buildings of the rural Pacific Northwest abandoned but still standing, the harsh winter conditions no match for their steel columns. That background came in handy when he was asked to design a house for a young family on a coastal Mississippi site susceptible to severe flooding.
在汤姆·昆迪格（Tom Kundig）还没学会“韧性”这个词之前，他就已经领悟了它的含义。童年时期，他看到许多位于太平洋西北地区乡村的工业和农业建筑虽然被废弃，却依然屹立不倒，严酷的冬季气候根本无法撼动它们的钢柱。当他受邀为密西西比州沿海一个易受严重洪水侵袭的家庭设计住宅时，这段背景经历派上了用场。
The clients, Joel and Jill Kavanaugh, had fallen in love with a plot bordering the Gulf Islands National Seashore in Ocean Springs, Mississippi. The 1-acre parcel looked out onto the Davis Bayou, with the Gulf of Mexico visible in the distance. That was the background; in the foreground were about a dozen ancient live oak trees dripping with Spanish moss. As Joel puts it, he and Jill owned the painting; now they wanted the frame. And they wanted that frame to be the work of Tom Kundig, whose rugged houses they had been admiring in magazines for years.
客户乔尔（Joel）和吉尔·卡瓦诺（Jill Kavanaugh）夫妇爱上了密西西比州海洋泉市（Ocean Springs）毗邻海湾群岛国家海岸（Gulf Islands National Seashore）的一块土地。这块占地1英亩的地块面向戴维斯河口（Davis Bayou），远眺可见墨西哥湾。这是背景；前景则是十几棵挂满西班牙苔藓的古老活橡树。正如乔尔所说，他和吉尔拥有了这幅“画作”，现在他们想要一个“画框”。他们希望这个画框出自汤姆·昆迪格之手，多年来，他们一直对昆迪格在杂志上展示的那些粗犷风格的住宅赞赏有加。
Kundig accepted the job and flew to Mississippi to get to know the property, which at its highest points rises just 5 feet above sea level. Common sense and government regulations told Kundig to raise the house 23 feet off the ground, “above even the mosquitoes,” he jokes. Kundig being Kundig, he would lift the house not onto flimsy wooden posts but onto substantial steel columns. “We wanted to embrace the site’s unique conditions, not camouflage them,” he says.
昆迪格接下了这份工作，并飞往密西西比州实地考察。该地块最高点仅高出海平面5英尺。常识和政府法规要求昆迪格将房屋抬高至离地23英尺，“甚至高过蚊子，”他打趣道。昆迪格毕竟是昆迪格，他没有用脆弱的木柱，而是用坚实的钢柱支撑起整座房屋。“我们想要拥抱场地的独特条件，而不是掩盖它们，”他说。
The house would be covered in sheets of Corten steel, pre-weathered by their Kansas City fabricator. The roof and other exposed surfaces would also be metal. And the windows would be strong enough to withstand sustained 140-mile-per-hour winds, with gusts up to 200 miles per hour, a requirement in “high-velocity hurricane zones” unless the glass can be shielded by exterior shutters. But despite Kundig’s reliance on industrial materials, the house would have a soft, domestic mien. Its most distinctive features are a switchback stairway with a landing that serves as a viewing platform and a screened porch large enough for the Kavanaughs to spend much of their time in. Wooden ceilings, which are visible from the ground, complement the reddish Corten steel sheathing.
这座房子将覆盖着由堪萨斯城制造商预先风化的考顿钢（Corten steel）板。屋顶和其他暴露表面也将采用金属材质。窗户必须足够坚固，以抵御持续每小时140英里的风速和高达每小时200英里的阵风——这是“高强度飓风区”的要求，除非玻璃能由外部百叶窗遮挡。尽管昆迪格依赖工业材料，但这座房子依然呈现出柔和的居家氛围。其最显著的特色是一个带有观景平台转角的折返式楼梯，以及一个足够宽敞、能让卡瓦诺一家在此消磨大部分时光的纱窗门廊。从地面向上望去，木质天花板与红色的考顿钢外壳相得益彰。
Kundig is one of many architects designing houses to withstand extreme weather events—as well as fires—which have become especially severe during this period of climate change. And he is one of many architects proving that resilient houses need not look like bunkers. Kundig, who cofounded Olson Kundig Architects in 1986, says, “People come to us for houses that require little maintenance, but that they hope will last for generations.” As it turns out, he adds, “The same houses tend to be resistant to the larger forces of nature.”
昆迪格是众多致力于设计能够抵御极端天气事件（以及火灾）的建筑师之一，这些灾害在气候变化时期变得尤为严重。他也是证明“韧性住宅不必看起来像地堡”的众多建筑师之一。1986年共同创立Olson Kundig建筑事务所的昆迪格表示：“人们找我们设计房子，是因为他们想要维护成本低、且能传承几代的住宅。”他补充说，事实证明，“这些房子往往也更能抵御大自然的强大力量。”
This story is part of The Future of Home, a collaboration between the editors of WIRED and Architectural Digest to help you understand what “home” will look like tomorrow and beyond.
本文是《连线》（WIRED）与《建筑文摘》（Architectural Digest）编辑部合作推出的“住宅的未来”（The Future of Home）系列报道的一部分，旨在帮助读者了解未来及以后的“家”将是什么样子。
For that reason, Kundig says, “just about all” of his houses can be considered resilient. They occupy dramatic (and challenging) sites in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America. He has not yet planted his flag on Antarctica. “Talk about resiliency,” he muses. “That would be a fascinating place to build.” And what about the moon or Mars? Those don’t grab him the same way: “I think we have enough challenges here on Earth,” says Kundig.
正因如此，昆迪格说，他的“几乎所有”住宅都可以被视为具有韧性。它们坐落在欧洲、亚洲、非洲以及南北美洲那些引人注目（且充满挑战）的场地上。他还没有在南极洲插上自己的旗帜。“说到韧性，”他沉思道，“那将是一个迷人的建筑地点。”那么月球或火星呢？那些地方并没有让他产生同样的兴趣：“我认为我们在地球上已经面临足够多的挑战了，”昆迪格说。