The first long-duration resident of the ISS, a cosmonaut, has died
The first long-duration resident of the ISS, a cosmonaut, has died
首位国际空间站长期驻留宇航员去世
Russian cosmonaut Aleksandr Samokutyaev, who served twice as a crew member aboard the International Space Station (ISS), including during the final US space shuttle mission in 2011, has died at the age of 56. 俄罗斯宇航员亚历山大·萨莫库佳耶夫（Aleksandr Samokutyaev）于近日去世，享年56岁。他曾两次作为机组成员在国际空间站（ISS）服役，其中包括2011年美国航天飞机最后一次任务期间。
With Samokutyaev’s death on Wednesday, he becomes the first former ISS long-duration resident to die in the 26 years that the space station has been a home to 155 other cosmonauts and astronauts as expedition crew members. The cause of his death is unknown. 随着萨莫库佳耶夫于周三去世，他成为了国际空间站运行26年来，首位离世的前长期驻留成员。该空间站此前已接待过155名远征队成员。目前其死因尚不明确。
“The leadership and staff of the Roscosmos State Corporation extend their sincere condolences to the family and loved ones of Aleksandr Mikhailovich,” officials with Russia’s space agency said in a statement. 俄罗斯国家航天集团（Roscosmos）的领导层和员工在声明中表示：“我们向亚历山大·米哈伊洛维奇的家人和亲友致以诚挚的慰问。”
Samokutyaev joined the cosmonaut corps in 2003. Two years later, after his basic training, he qualified for spaceflight assignments. 萨莫库佳耶夫于2003年加入宇航员队伍。两年后，在完成基础训练后，他获得了执行太空飞行任务的资格。
To ISS and back, twice
两次往返国际空间站
He launched for the first time on April 4, 2011, flying as the commander of Soyuz TMA-21 with flight engineers Andrey Borisenko from Roscosmos and NASA astronaut Ron Garan. Their spacecraft was named Gagarin in honor of the world’s first human in space, who had lifted off 50 years earlier from the same launch site at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. 他于2011年4月4日首次升空，担任“联盟TMA-21”号飞船指令长，同行的还有俄罗斯航天局的飞行工程师安德烈·鲍里森科（Andrey Borisenko）和美国国家航空航天局（NASA）宇航员罗恩·加兰（Ron Garan）。他们的飞船被命名为“加加林”号，以纪念50年前从拜科努尔航天发射场同一地点升空的世界首位进入太空的人类。
Samokutyaev served as a flight engineer on the space station’s 27th and 28th expedition crews. In addition to Borisenko and Garan, he worked with Dmitri Kondratyev of Roscosmos, Cady Coleman of NASA, and Paolo Nespoli of ESA (European Space Agency) for about a month and Sergey Volkov of Roscosmos, Mike Fossum with NASA, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Satoshi Furukawa for the second part of his stay. 萨莫库佳耶夫在空间站第27和第28次远征任务中担任飞行工程师。除了鲍里森科和加兰，他在驻留期间还曾与俄罗斯航天局的德米特里·孔德拉季耶夫（Dmitri Kondratyev）、NASA的凯迪·科尔曼（Cady Coleman）、欧洲航天局（ESA）的保罗·内斯波利（Paolo Nespoli）共事约一个月；在驻留后期，他还与俄罗斯航天局的谢尔盖·沃尔科夫（Sergey Volkov）、NASA的迈克·福萨姆（Mike Fossum）以及日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）的宇航员古川聪（Satoshi Furukawa）共同工作。
On July 10, 2011, the US space shuttle Atlantis arrived at the space station, and for nine days, the four STS-135 astronauts joined Samokutyaev and his Expedition 28 colleagues aboard the orbiting laboratory. Not only was it the last time that a shuttle would visit the ISS, but it was the final mission of the 30-year program. 2011年7月10日，美国“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机抵达空间站。在接下来的九天里，STS-135任务的四名宇航员与萨莫库佳耶夫及其第28次远征队的同事们共同在轨道实验室工作。这不仅是航天飞机最后一次造访国际空间站，也是该项目30年历史中的最后一次任务。
On August 3, 2011, Samokutyaev performed his first spacewalk, venturing outside of the ISS with Volkov to relocate equipment, install a materials science experiment, and hand-deploy a micro-satellite. After 164 days in Earth orbit, Samokutyaev returned to Earth on Soyuz TMA-21 with Borisenko and Garan, landing safely on the steppe of Kazakhstan. 2011年8月3日，萨莫库佳耶夫进行了首次太空行走，他与沃尔科夫一同走出空间站，执行了设备搬迁、安装材料科学实验装置以及手动部署微型卫星的任务。在地球轨道停留164天后，萨莫库佳耶夫与鲍里森科、加兰乘坐“联盟TMA-21”号返回地球，并安全降落在哈萨克斯坦草原上。
Samokutyaev returned to the ISS three years later, this time with Elena Serova—one of only two female cosmonauts in Roscosmos’ corps at the time and only the fourth to fly into space—and NASA astronaut Barry “Butch” Wilmore on board Soyuz TMA-14M. 三年后，萨莫库佳耶夫再次回到国际空间站。这一次，他与埃琳娜·谢罗娃（Elena Serova，当时俄罗斯航天局仅有的两名女性宇航员之一，也是第四位进入太空的女性）以及NASA宇航员巴里·“布奇”·威尔莫尔（Barry “Butch” Wilmore）一同搭乘“联盟TMA-14M”号飞船升空。
Samokutyaev spent about two months as an Expedition 41 flight engineer, sharing the space station with cosmonaut Max Surayev, NASA astronaut Reid Wiseman (later of Artemis II fame), and ESA astronaut Alexander Gerst from Germany. On October 22, 2014, Samokutyaev went outside for his second career spacewalk, working with Surayev to jettison unneeded equipment and conduct a detailed photographic survey of the station’s Russian segment exterior. 萨莫库佳耶夫作为第41次远征队的飞行工程师在空间站工作了约两个月，与他共事的还有宇航员马克思·苏拉耶夫（Max Surayev）、NASA宇航员里德·怀斯曼（Reid Wiseman，后来因“阿尔忒弥斯2号”任务而闻名）以及德国ESA宇航员亚历山大·格斯特（Alexander Gerst）。2014年10月22日，萨莫库佳耶夫进行了职业生涯中的第二次太空行走，他与苏拉耶夫合作抛弃了不再需要的设备，并对空间站俄罗斯舱段的外部进行了详细的摄影勘测。
In total, Samokutyaev logged 10 hours and one minute on his two spacewalks. Samokutyaev then transferred with Serova and Wilmore onto the Expedition 42 crew, working with his 2003 cosmonaut classmate Anton Shkaplerov, as well as NASA astronaut Terry Virts and ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti from Italy. 萨莫库佳耶夫两次太空行走的总时长为10小时1分钟。随后，他与谢罗娃和威尔莫尔转入第42次远征队，与他2003年的宇航员同学安东·什卡普列罗夫（Anton Shkaplerov）、NASA宇航员特里·维尔茨（Terry Virts）以及意大利ESA宇航员萨曼莎·克里斯托福雷蒂（Samantha Cristoforetti）共同工作。
The three returned to Earth on March 11, 2015, adding 167 days to Samokutyaev’s time in space for a total of 331 days, 11 hours, and 23 minutes. Samokutyaev was the 518th person to enter orbit and the 527th to fly above 50 miles (80 km), according to the Association of Space Explorers’ Registry of Space Travelers. 三人于2015年3月11日返回地球，这使萨莫库佳耶夫的太空飞行时间增加了167天，总计达到331天11小时23分钟。根据太空探险家协会的太空旅行者登记册，萨莫库佳耶夫是第518位进入轨道的人，也是第527位飞行高度超过50英里（80公里）的人。
From pilot to politician
从飞行员到政治家
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Samokutyaev was born on March 13, 1970, in the city of Penza, Russia. He graduated from the Yuri Gagarin Air Force Academy in 2000 and flew as a pilot, senior pilot, and deputy squadron commander in the Russian Air Force before being selected to train as a cosmonaut. 亚历山大·米哈伊洛维奇·萨莫库佳耶夫于1970年3月13日出生在俄罗斯奔萨市。他于2000年毕业于尤里·加加林空军学院，在被选为宇航员候选人之前，曾担任俄罗斯空军的飞行员、高级飞行员和中队副指挥官。
Prior to his first launch, Samokutyaev trained as a member of the Expedition 23/24 backup crew. Similarly, he served on the Expedition 41/42 backup crew before his second mission. 在首次发射前，萨莫库佳耶夫曾作为第23/24次远征队的后备机组成员进行训练。同样，在第二次任务前，他也曾担任第41/42次远征队的后备机组成员。
In 2017, an interdepartmental commission recommended that Samokutyaev be dismissed from being an instructor and the deputy commander of the cosmonaut corps, reportedly due to medical concerns. Two years later, he graduated with honors from the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration and, taking up a new career as a politician in 2021, was elected as a deputy to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. 2017年，一个跨部门委员会建议解除萨莫库佳耶夫的教官和宇航员队伍副指挥官职务，据报道是因为健康原因。两年后，他以优异成绩从俄罗斯总统国民经济与公共管理学院毕业，并于2021年开启了政治生涯，当选为俄罗斯国家杜马议员。