The Download: brain-melting heatwaves and unprecedented OpenAI restrictions

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The Download: brain-melting heatwaves and unprecedented OpenAI restrictions

《下载》：令人头晕目眩的热浪与史无前例的 OpenAI 限制

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. Heat waves mess with your brain. Scientists are trying to figure out why. —Jessica Hamzelou 这是我们工作日时事通讯《下载》的今日版，为您提供每日科技界动态。热浪会扰乱你的大脑，科学家们正试图找出原因。——Jessica Hamzelou

It’s been hot in London this week. Really hot. A dangerous heat wave has hit Western Europe. On Wednesday, the UK recorded its highest ever June temperature at 36.1 °C (about 97 °F). But as the weather app on my phone confirmed, it felt like 39 °C. Much of Western Europe is suffering, bringing awful consequences for agriculture, infrastructure, and the health system. 本周伦敦天气炎热，非常炎热。一场危险的热浪席卷了西欧。周三，英国记录了有史以来最高的 6 月气温，达到 36.1°C（约 97°F）。但正如我手机上的天气应用程序所显示的，体感温度高达 39°C。西欧大部分地区正深受其害，这对农业、基础设施和医疗系统造成了严重后果。

But heat can also affect the brain. Studies have confirmed that as temperatures rise, people seem to get more irritable and more violent. And they have shown that firefighters find it harder to focus immediately after heat exposure. Rising temperatures can also have particularly disastrous outcomes for children and people with mental health disorders. Research on lab animals suggests that excessive heat can alter the function of chemical signals in our brains. But we still need a better understanding of the mechanisms behind these effects. Here’s what scientists are learning about extreme heat’s impact on the brain. 但高温也会影响大脑。研究证实，随着气温升高，人们似乎变得更加易怒和暴力。研究还表明，消防员在暴露于高温后，注意力会更难集中。气温升高对儿童和患有心理健康疾病的人群也可能产生特别灾难性的后果。对实验动物的研究表明，过热会改变我们大脑中化学信号的功能。但我们仍需进一步了解这些影响背后的机制。以下是科学家们关于极端高温对大脑影响的研究发现。

This story is from The Checkup, our weekly biotech newsletter. Sign up to receive it in your inbox every Thursday. For more on Europe’s heat wave, read our stories on why soaring temperatures are shutting down power plants and what they mean for the grid. 本文摘自我们的每周生物技术时事通讯《The Checkup》。欢迎订阅，每周四即可在收件箱中查收。欲了解更多关于欧洲热浪的信息，请阅读我们关于气温飙升为何导致发电厂关闭及其对电网影响的报道。

The must-reads

必读内容

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 我已梳理了互联网，为您精选了今日最有趣、最重要、最令人担忧及最引人入胜的科技新闻。

  1. The Trump administration has asked OpenAI to limit its next model release It wants to vet the first GPT 5.6 users before a wider launch. (Bloomberg $)
  • OpenAI said each of the initial partners will be government-approved. (FT $)
  • It’s the first US firm to be told to restrict an AI model before release. (Axios)
  • Anthropic is also still feuding with Washington. (MIT Technology Review)
  1. 特朗普政府已要求 OpenAI 限制其下一代模型的发布 政府希望在更广泛的发布之前，先对首批 GPT 5.6 用户进行审查。（彭博社 $）
  • OpenAI 表示，每一位初始合作伙伴都将经过政府批准。（金融时报 $）
  • 这是首家被要求在发布前限制 AI 模型的美国公司。（Axios）
  • Anthropic 目前也仍在与华盛顿方面发生争执。（麻省理工科技评论）
  1. Apple and Xbox have hiked prices, blaming AI-driven chip costs Some MacBooks, iPads, and Xboxes are going up in price by over 20%. (BBC)
  • Apple’s shares plummeted after the announcement. (NBC)
  • AI data center demand has pushed up memory and storage prices. (WSJ $)
  • The shortages have been dubbed “RAMaggedon.” (The Verge)
  1. 苹果和 Xbox 宣布涨价，归咎于 AI 驱动的芯片成本 部分 MacBook、iPad 和 Xbox 的价格涨幅超过 20%。（BBC）
  • 消息公布后，苹果股价暴跌。（NBC）
  • AI 数据中心的需求推高了内存和存储价格。（华尔街日报 $）
  • 这种短缺被称为“内存末日”（RAMaggedon）。（The Verge）
  1. Colossal and the US are building an endangered species “biovault” It aims to cryptopreserve over 2,300 plant and animal samples. (Wired $)
  • It comes amid growing threats to endangered species protections. (NYT $)
  • Colossal is also growing chickens in artificial eggshells. (MIT Technology Review)
  1. Colossal 公司与美国政府正在建立濒危物种“生物库” 旨在冷冻保存超过 2,300 种动植物样本。（连线 $）
  • 此举正值濒危物种保护面临日益严峻的威胁之际。（纽约时报 $）
  • Colossal 公司还在利用人造蛋壳培育小鸡。（麻省理工科技评论）
  1. The US has banned Polestar from selling its EVs due to anti-China rules The Sweden-based company is majority-owned by China’s Geely. (CNN)
  • The ban is because its connected-vehicle tech is linked to China. (Reuters $)
  • What happened to China’s overseas EV factory boom? (Rest of World)
  1. 因反华规则，美国禁止极星（Polestar）销售其电动汽车 这家总部位于瑞典的公司由中国吉利控股。（CNN）
  • 禁令原因是其车联网技术与中国有关联。（路透社 $）
  • 中国海外电动汽车工厂的繁荣发生了什么？（Rest of World）
  1. China is betting on humanoids to beat its demographic decline It wants the robots to narrow the labour gap. (FT $)
  • Gig workers are training humanoids at home. (MIT Technology Review)
  1. 中国押注人形机器人以应对人口下降 希望机器人能缩小劳动力缺口。（金融时报 $）
  • 零工经济从业者正在家中训练人形机器人。（麻省理工科技评论）

  1. The “fingerprints” of a black hole’s event horizon have been detected The discovery was made by studying ripples in space-time. (AFP)

  2. 黑洞事件视界的“指纹”已被探测到 这一发现是通过研究时空涟漪实现的。（法新社）

  3. OpenAI is now expected to delay its IPO until next year It’s been spooked by choppy global markets and SpaceX’s slump. (NYT $)

  4. OpenAI 预计将推迟 IPO 至明年 全球市场动荡和 SpaceX 的低迷令其感到不安。（纽约时报 $）

  5. Data centers have moved to the forefront of environmental lawsuits The litigation is linked to energy sources, water consumption, and air pollution. (Guardian)

  6. 数据中心已成为环境诉讼的前沿阵地 诉讼涉及能源来源、水资源消耗和空气污染。（卫报）

  7. A master gene that turns on human development has been uncovered It results in cells forming a human body. (New Scientist $)

  8. 一种开启人类发育的主基因已被发现 它促使细胞形成人体。（新科学家 $）

  9. Grok’s most popular feature? Smut It accounts for “well over half” of the chatbot’s traffic. (The Information $)

  10. Grok 最受欢迎的功能是什么？色情内容 它占了该聊天机器人流量的“一半以上”。（The Information $）

Quote of the day

今日名言

“The most advanced AI is built by a handful of American companies, on American soil, under American law, and what the rest of us are permitted to do with it can change on a Friday afternoon.” —Nathan Benaich, AI investor at London-based venture firm Air Street Capital, tells the Financial Times about the geopolitical reality of US AI dominance.

“最先进的 AI 是由少数几家美国公司在美国本土、在美国法律下构建的，而我们其他人被允许用它做什么，可能会在某个周五下午发生改变。” ——伦敦风险投资公司 Air Street Capital 的 AI 投资者 Nathan Benaich 在接受《金融时报》采访时，谈到了美国 AI 主导地位的地缘政治现实。

One More Thing

更多内容

MAX-O-MATIC: How technology helped archaeologists dig deeper MAX-O-MATIC：科技如何帮助考古学家深入挖掘

In 1991, construction workers in Manhattan unearthed hundreds of coffins. Further investigation revealed that the remains were between 200 and 300 years old, and they were all African and African American. This discovery came at an inflection point in scientific history. Breakthroughs in chemical and genetic analysis allowed researchers to figure out where many of these people were born, the physical challenges they faced, and even the routes they took from Africa to North America. Today, archaeologists are using techniques they could only dream of then: lasers, 3D photography, lidar, satellite imagery, and more. These tools are revealing where people came from, how ancient cities were built, and the lives of those who built them. Read the full story on how archaeology is changing our understanding of the past. —Annalee Newitz

1991 年，曼哈顿的建筑工人在施工时挖掘出了数百具棺材。进一步调查显示，这些遗骸已有 200 到 300 年的历史，且全部属于非洲裔和非裔美国人。这一发现出现在科学史的一个转折点。化学和基因分析的突破使研究人员能够确定这些人中许多人的出生地、他们所面临的身体挑战，甚至他们从非洲前往北美的路线。今天，考古学家正在使用当时只能梦想的技术：激光、3D 摄影、激光雷达、卫星图像等。这些工具正在揭示人们来自何处、古代城市是如何建造的，以及建造者们的生活。阅读关于考古学如何改变我们对过去理解的完整报道。——Annalee Newitz

We can still have nice things

我们依然可以拥有美好事物

A place for comfort, fun, and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.) 一个为您提供舒适、乐趣和消遣，点亮您一天的地方。（有什么想法吗？给我写信。）

  • Tantalise your taste buds with this culinary tour of the planet’s rarest fruits.
  • 用这场全球最稀有水果的美食之旅来挑逗你的味蕾。
  • This Daft Punk and Justice mashup is the French EDM collab that fans never got.
  • 这场 Daft Punk 和 Justice 的混音作品，是粉丝们从未等到的法式电子舞曲合作。
  • Daredevils have delightfully transformed playground equipment into a series of terrifying oversized rides.
  • 胆大妄为者们将游乐场设备改造成了一系列令人恐惧的超大型游乐设施，令人忍俊不禁。
  • The gadget department of your childhood dreams comes to life in this rocket-powered pen disguised as a spy weapon.
  • 这支伪装成间谍武器的火箭动力笔，让童年梦想中的小玩意儿变成了现实。

Top image credit: Sarah Rogers/MITTR | Photos Getty 顶部图片来源：Sarah Rogers/MITTR | 照片 Getty

Please send your childhood dreams to hi@technologyreview.com. You can follow me on LinkedIn. Thanks for reading! —Thomas 请将您的童年梦想发送至 hi@technologyreview.com。您可以在 LinkedIn 上关注我。感谢阅读！——Thomas

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