ICE’s Internal Watchdog Is Now Investigating Online Critics

美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）的内部监督机构现正调查网络批评者

Voting was already underway when the ICE agents arrived at a polling site in Syracuse, New York, during the state’s primaries in June. The agents were there to see Paigelynne Gonyea, a poll worker who says they were concerned about an Instagram post she had supposedly made in January “doxing” an ICE agent. The only post she could find was one she had made crediting the Minnesota Star Tribune for identifying Jonathan Ross, the ICE agent who shot and killed Renee Good during the federal incursion in Minneapolis this winter, and calling for his indictment.

今年6月，在纽约州初选期间，当美国移民及海关执法局（ICE）的特工抵达雪城（Syracuse）的一个投票站时，投票工作已经开始。特工此行是为了寻找投票站工作人员佩吉琳·贡耶（Paigelynne Gonyea）。据贡耶称，特工们对她一月份发布的一条Instagram帖子感到不满，认为该帖子“人肉搜索”（doxing）了一名ICE特工。而她能找到的唯一相关帖子，是她转发了《明尼苏达明星论坛报》（Minnesota Star Tribune）关于确认乔纳森·罗斯（Jonathan Ross）身份的报道——罗斯是今年冬天在明尼阿波利斯联邦行动中开枪打死蕾妮·古德（Renee Good）的ICE特工——并呼吁对其进行起诉。

The agents at the poll site asked Gonyea to sign a warning notice that said it was unlawful to “threaten to assault, kidnap and/or murder” federal officials or their immediate family members in an effort to impede that federal official’s work. The form also requested that she remove her post “and/or discontinue” her behavior.

投票站的特工要求贡耶签署一份警告通知，称为了阻碍联邦官员的工作而“威胁袭击、绑架和/或谋杀”联邦官员及其直系亲属是违法的。该表格还要求她删除帖子“和/或停止”其行为。

“My signature would have been an admission of guilt,” Gonyea says. “I refused to sign it.” ICE did not respond to a request for comment for this story.

“我的签名就等于承认有罪，”贡耶说，“我拒绝签字。”ICE未回应置评请求。

The incident, which was first reported by local news outlet Syracuse.com, was unsettling in many ways, but one part stuck out to Gonyea: the warning notice said it was sent by ICE’s Office of Professional Responsibility. “That office is supposed to be for internal investigations,” says Gonyea, “and now they’re using their own internal departments on American civilians.”

这一事件最初由当地新闻媒体Syracuse.com报道，在许多方面都令人不安，但有一点让贡耶感到格外震惊：警告通知显示它是由ICE的职业责任办公室（OPR）发出的。“那个办公室本应负责内部调查，”贡耶说，“而现在他们竟然动用自己的内部部门来对付美国平民。”

OPR is supposed to act as an internal watchdog. It’s responsible for inspecting detention facilities, investigating allegations of employee and contractor misconduct, and processing security checks for new applicants. On its site, it says it also protects against “external threats” by managing badge access to buildings and maintaining the agency’s network security. But lately, court documents indicate, it appears to be pursuing more civilians like Gonyea for what they say online.

OPR本应充当内部监督机构。它负责检查拘留设施、调查针对员工和承包商的不当行为指控，并处理新申请人的安全审查。在其网站上，它声称还通过管理建筑门禁和维护机构网络安全来防范“外部威胁”。但法庭文件显示，最近它似乎正在针对像贡耶这样的平民，追究他们在网上的言论。

In a court declaration filed in April, an ICE official said that between January 2025 and March 2026, OPR investigated 131 cases involving “incidents of doxing and threats directed towards ICE employees nationwide.”

在四月份提交的一份法庭声明中，一名ICE官员表示，在2025年1月至2026年3月期间，OPR调查了131起涉及“针对全国ICE员工的人肉搜索和威胁事件”的案件。

It’s unclear how many of those cases resulted in criminal charges. WIRED was able to identify only one instance when OPR was credited for its investigative work in a case where the Justice Department accused a California man of harassing an ICE attorney and her mother. The DOJ alleged that the man, who pleaded guilty, used to live in the same building as the mother and that he started his harassment campaign in January 2024, well before President Trump took office. ICE did not respond to questions about whether other cases have been brought based on OPR’s work or how many additional cases OPR has opened since March.

目前尚不清楚其中有多少案件导致了刑事指控。《连线》（WIRED）杂志仅能确认一起案件，即司法部指控一名加州男子骚扰一名ICE律师及其母亲，而OPR因其调查工作而受到认可。司法部称，该男子已认罪，他曾与该律师的母亲住在同一栋楼里，并于2024年1月（即特朗普总统就职前）就开始了骚扰活动。对于是否还有其他基于OPR工作而提起的案件，或自3月以来OPR又开启了多少案件，ICE未予置评。

“It takes a lot to actually convict someone for their speech, and it’s only possible in very limited circumstances,” says Laura Moraff, a staff attorney at the ACLU’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project. “People do have a First Amendment right to criticize the government and to do that online and to do that anonymously.”

“要真正因言论而给某人定罪是非常困难的，只有在极少数情况下才有可能，”美国公民自由联盟（ACLU）言论、隐私与技术项目专职律师劳拉·莫拉夫（Laura Moraff）表示，“人们确实拥有宪法第一修正案赋予的批评政府的权利，并且可以在网上匿名进行。”

OPR was behind at least one of the flurry of administrative subpoenas sent to tech companies in recent months in an effort to unmask online critics. In court filings, lawyers for the poster argued that the subpoena, which asked for the poster’s name, address, telephone number, and other details, violated the poster’s right to free speech. The government withdrew the subpoena rather than trying to litigate its merits.

近几个月来，为了揭露网络批评者的身份，ICE向科技公司发送了大量行政传票，OPR至少是其中之一的幕后推手。在法庭文件中，发帖人的律师辩称，该传票要求提供发帖人的姓名、地址、电话号码和其他详细信息，侵犯了发帖人的言论自由权。政府最终撤回了传票，而没有选择在法庭上争辩其合理性。

At least one other since-withdrawn administrative subpoena that WIRED identified has a tracking number that starts with “OPR-DC,” which a source familiar with the agency says most likely means that it is related to OPR efforts. ICE did not respond to questions about how many administrative subpoenas OPR has sent to tech companies.

《连线》杂志发现，至少还有另一份已被撤回的行政传票，其追踪号码以“OPR-DC”开头。一位熟悉该机构的消息人士称，这很可能意味着它与OPR的行动有关。ICE未回应关于OPR向科技公司发送了多少行政传票的问题。

Various Trump administration officials have claimed that threats against ICE officers have increased since the start of the administration. (A 2025 Los Angeles Times analysis cast doubt on a widely cited claim that attacks on ICE agents have increased by 1,000 percent.) Agency officials have also tried to expand the definition of doxing, which generally means publishing specific information such as an individual’s home address, to include taking photographs and videos of ICE employees while they are performing their official duties, which free-speech experts say is lawful activity.

特朗普政府的多位官员声称，自本届政府上台以来，针对ICE官员的威胁有所增加。（《洛杉矶时报》2025年的一项分析对“针对ICE特工的袭击增加了1000%”这一被广泛引用的说法提出了质疑。）该机构官员还试图扩大“人肉搜索”的定义——通常指发布个人家庭住址等具体信息——将其扩展到拍摄ICE员工执行公务时的照片和视频，而言论自由专家认为这是合法活动。

Last year, the Department of Homeland Security published a privacy notice update for its ICE Intelligence Records Systems to say that it was collecting information about “individuals who have made credible threats against ICE personnel or facilities” and that it would collect social media posts and account information along with location-related data.

去年，国土安全部为其ICE情报记录系统发布了一份隐私声明更新，称其正在收集有关“对ICE人员或设施构成可信威胁的个人”的信息，并将收集社交媒体帖子、账户信息以及与位置相关的数据。

In the April declaration, the ICE official also said that then-acting director of ICE, Todd Lyons, had signed a memo on March 25 to “invest in the agency’s capabilities” to protect ICE employees from “emerging threats, including doxing and online harassment.” ICE declined to answer questions about what types of investments it has made since then.

在四月份的声明中，该ICE官员还表示，时任ICE代理局长的托德·里昂（Todd Lyons）于3月25日签署了一份备忘录，旨在“投资该机构的能力”，以保护ICE员工免受“包括人肉搜索和网络骚扰在内的新兴威胁”。ICE拒绝回答自那时以来进行了何种投资的问题。

While the Trump administration is investing in its ability to investigate online commentators, other data suggests that OPR may be falling behind on some of its other duties. An analysis by the Project on Government Oversight found that in 2025, the agency published only 102 detention facility inspection reports on its website, compared to 160 reports in 2024 and 192 the year prior.

尽管特朗普政府正在投入资源以提升其调查网络评论者的能力，但其他数据表明，OPR在履行其他职责方面可能有所滞后。“政府监督项目”（Project on Government Oversight）的一项分析发现，2025年该机构在其网站上仅发布了102份拘留设施检查报告，而2024年为160份，前一年为192份。