The Download: OpenAI unveils GPT-Red and heat pumps rise in the US

《下载》：OpenAI 发布 GPT-Red，热泵在美国市场持续走高

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. 这是今日份的《下载》，我们平日更新的简报，为您提供每日科技世界的动态。

Meet GPT-Red: an LLM super-hacker OpenAI built to make its models safer

认识 GPT-Red：OpenAI 为提升模型安全性而打造的 LLM 超级黑客

OpenAI has built an LLM super-hacker called GPT-Red that it uses as a sparring partner to help its other models boost their defenses against cyberattacks. It automates a type of safety evaluation for software systems known as red-teaming, which is typically done by a team of human testers. The aim is to find as many different ways to break or hijack a system as possible. OpenAI gave MIT Technology Review an exclusive peek into the system. Find out how it could keep the company ahead of human attackers. —Will Douglas Heaven OpenAI 构建了一个名为 GPT-Red 的 LLM 超级黑客，将其作为“陪练”来帮助其他模型增强防御网络攻击的能力。它将一种通常由人类测试团队执行的软件系统安全评估（即“红队测试”）实现了自动化。其目标是尽可能多地找出破坏或劫持系统的途径。OpenAI 向《麻省理工科技评论》独家展示了该系统。了解它如何帮助该公司在人类攻击者面前保持领先。——Will Douglas Heaven

Why heat pumps are still so hot in the US —Casey Crownhart

为什么热泵在美国依然如此火爆 —Casey Crownhart

It feels as if it should be illegal to even think about heating appliances during the height of summer, but we need to talk about heat pumps. The appliances use electricity for heating, they’re incredibly efficient, and they’re on the rise. In the US, their sales have doubled over the past 15 years, according to a new report. They’re also winning the heating race against fossil fuels, outpacing natural-gas furnaces by 32% during the first quarter of 2026. These stats are especially striking at this moment, because a key tax credit for heat pumps just ended. So why are heat pumps still so hot? Read the full story for the answer. This article is from The Spark, our weekly climate tech newsletter. Sign up to receive it in your inbox every Wednesday. 在盛夏时节谈论供暖设备似乎有些不合时宜，但我们确实需要聊聊热泵。这种设备利用电力供暖，效率极高，且正处于上升期。一份新报告显示，过去 15 年里，热泵在美国的销量翻了一番。它们在供暖领域也正战胜化石燃料，2026 年第一季度，其销量比天然气炉高出 32%。这些数据在当下尤为引人注目，因为一项关键的热泵税收抵免政策刚刚结束。那么，为什么热泵依然如此火爆？阅读全文以获取答案。本文摘自我们的每周气候科技简报《The Spark》。欢迎订阅，每周三即可在收件箱中查收。

The must-reads

必读内容

I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 我已梳理了互联网，为您精选了今日最有趣、最重要、最令人担忧及最引人入胜的科技报道。

1. Elon Musk discreetly bought a $1 billion gas turbine firm to power Grok He acquired fossil fuel company APR Energy in May. (Electrek)

   • The most likely application will be powering AI data centers. (Engadget)
   • The deal was revealed through an FTC filing. (Gizmodo)
   • What will power AI’s growth? (MIT Technology Review) 埃隆·马斯克低调收购了一家价值 10 亿美元的燃气轮机公司，为 Grok 提供动力 他于 5 月收购了化石燃料公司 APR Energy。（Electrek）
   • 最可能的应用是为 AI 数据中心供电。（Engadget）
   • 该交易通过一份 FTC 文件披露。（Gizmodo）
   • 什么将驱动 AI 的增长？（《麻省理工科技评论》）

2. A hack shows the Suno AI music generator scraped YouTube, Deezer It scraped decades’ worth of music to train its models. (404 Media)

   • The hack is a unique look into the black boxes powering GenAI. (CNET)
   • AI is coming for music, too. (MIT Technology Review) 黑客攻击显示 Suno AI 音乐生成器抓取了 YouTube 和 Deezer 的数据 它抓取了数十年的音乐来训练其模型。（404 Media）
   • 这次黑客攻击为我们提供了一个独特的视角，窥探驱动生成式 AI 的“黑箱”。（CNET）
   • AI 也正在向音乐领域进军。（《麻省理工科技评论》）

3. Thinking Machines has launched an open-weight AI model Inkling offers a US alternative to China’s open-source models. (Reuters)

   • It’s the first AI model built by Thinking Machines. (WSJ)
   • The startup was founded by former OpenAI CTO Mira Murati. (Axios) Thinking Machines 发布了一款开放权重的 AI 模型 Inkling 为中国的开源模型提供了一个美国替代方案。（路透社）
   • 这是 Thinking Machines 构建的首个 AI 模型。（《华尔街日报》）
   • 该初创公司由前 OpenAI 首席技术官 Mira Murati 创立。（Axios）

4. Europe is narrowing its ambitions for tech independence Manufacturing and research show promise, but funding is a problem. (NYT)

   • Earnings are strong, but an AI gap persists. (Reuters)
   • India is also scrambling for AI independence. (MIT Technology Review) 欧洲正在缩减其技术独立的目标 制造业和研究显示出前景，但资金是个问题。（《纽约时报》）
   • 收益强劲，但 AI 差距依然存在。（路透社）
   • 印度也在争夺 AI 独立性。（《麻省理工科技评论》）

5. Earth is absorbing energy at a rate that’s alarming climate scientists The planet is taking in more heat than models predicted. (Economist)

   • The legal case for climate justice is growing. (MIT Technology Review) 地球吸收能量的速度令气候科学家感到担忧 地球吸收的热量超过了模型的预测。（《经济学人》）
   • 气候正义的法律诉讼案例正在增加。（《麻省理工科技评论》）

6. The AI backlash has tech executives fearing for their lives Violent threats against AI firms are spilling into the real world. (WSJ)

   • An anti-AI movement is growing globally. (MIT Technology Review) AI 反弹让科技高管担心自身安全 针对 AI 公司的暴力威胁正蔓延到现实世界。（《华尔街日报》）
   • 全球范围内反 AI 运动正在兴起。（《麻省理工科技评论》）

7. A Moroccan intelligence insider exposed widespread Pegasus use Including to target journalists, activists, and foreign politicians. (Guardian) 一名摩洛哥情报内部人士揭露了 Pegasus 的广泛使用 包括针对记者、活动人士和外国政客。（《卫报》）

8. AI is powering citizen-led disaster relief from afar for Venezuela It’s helping to locate missing people and coordinate relief. (Rest of World) AI 正在远程助力委内瑞拉的公民灾难救援 它正在帮助定位失踪人员并协调救援工作。（Rest of World）

9. Thermodynamic computers could turn noise into useful calculations They may offer a cooler, more efficient way to process information. (Quanta) 热力学计算机可以将噪声转化为有用的计算 它们可能提供一种更凉爽、更高效的信息处理方式。（Quanta）

10. An engineer has explained every ’90s computer in Jurassic Park Fans have debated the technology in the film for decades. (Ars Technica) 一位工程师解释了《侏罗纪公园》中所有的 90 年代计算机 影迷们几十年来一直在争论电影中的技术。（Ars Technica）

Quote of the day

今日名言

“We hit pause because the communities powering AI should share in its success. Maybe that’s a novel concept in Washington.” —New York Gov. Kathy Hochul responds on X to President Donald Trump’s criticism of her state’s new data center moratorium. “我们按下暂停键，是因为驱动 AI 的社区应该分享其成功。也许这在华盛顿是一个新颖的概念。” ——纽约州州长凯西·霍楚尔（Kathy Hochul）在 X 上回应唐纳德·特朗普总统对其州新出台的数据中心暂停令的批评。

One More Thing

还有一件事

Will we ever trust robots? Robotics firm Prosper is developing a humanoid called Alfie to perform tasks in homes, hospitals, and hotels. The company’s founder, Shariq Hashme, has identified trustworthiness as the top design priority—and first hurdle to clear before humanoids can live up to their hype. Hashme believes one essential tactic to get people to put their trust in Alfie is to build a detailed character from the ground up—something humanlike but not too human. But the robot’s reliance on remote human operators raises broader questions about privacy, labour, and whether society will truly accept humanoids in our private spaces. Read the full story on the humanoid trust dilemma. —James O’Donnell 我们终有一天会信任机器人吗？机器人公司 Prosper 正在开发一款名为 Alfie 的人形机器人，旨在家庭、医院和酒店执行任务。该公司创始人 Shariq Hashme 将“可信度”列为首要设计优先级，这也是人形机器人要实现其炒作价值前必须跨越的第一道障碍。Hashme 认为，让人们信任 Alfie 的一个关键策略是从零开始构建一个详细的角色——既要像人，又不能太像人。但该机器人对远程人类操作员的依赖，引发了关于隐私、劳动力以及社会是否会真正接受人形机器人进入我们私人空间的更广泛问题。阅读关于人形机器人信任困境的完整报道。——James O’Donnell