What is Django? A Complete Guide to the Django Framework, Benefits, Use Cases & Getting Started

什么是 Django？Django 框架、优势、应用场景及入门完整指南

In today’s world where websites and web applications play a very important role in businesses, choosing the right tool for developing a project is of great importance. Developers usually use frameworks to build websites faster, more securely, and more professionally. One of the most powerful and popular web development frameworks is Django. 在当今网站和 Web 应用对企业至关重要的世界里，选择合适的工具来开发项目显得尤为重要。开发者通常使用框架来更快速、更安全、更专业地构建网站。Django 是目前最强大且最受欢迎的 Web 开发框架之一。

Django is a powerful and open-source web framework built with the Python programming language that allows developers to create complex and professional websites and web applications in a short amount of time. From simple websites to large systems, online stores, social networks, admin panels, and professional APIs — all can be developed with Django. In this article, we will thoroughly examine what Django is, why it has become popular, what its use cases are, and why many developers and large companies use it. Django 是一个基于 Python 编程语言构建的强大开源 Web 框架，它允许开发者在短时间内创建复杂且专业的网站和 Web 应用。从简单的网站到大型系统、在线商店、社交网络、管理后台以及专业的 API，一切都可以通过 Django 开发。在本文中，我们将深入探讨什么是 Django、它为何如此流行、它的应用场景是什么，以及为什么许多开发者和大型公司都在使用它。

What is a Framework?

什么是框架？

Before we get to know Django, it’s better to understand the concept of a framework. A framework is a collection of pre-built tools, libraries, and rules that help developers build software faster and with better structure. In the past, developers had to create many features from scratch; for example: User login system, Database connection, Request management, Application security, Page structure, File management. But by using a framework, many of these capabilities are already prepared, and the developer can focus on the core logic of the project. Simply put, a framework is like a ready-made skeleton for building software that increases the speed and quality of development. 在了解 Django 之前，最好先理解框架的概念。框架是一组预构建的工具、库和规则的集合，旨在帮助开发者更快速、更规范地构建软件。过去，开发者必须从零开始创建许多功能，例如：用户登录系统、数据库连接、请求管理、应用安全、页面结构、文件管理等。但通过使用框架，许多此类功能已经准备就绪，开发者可以将精力集中在项目的核心逻辑上。简而言之，框架就像是构建软件的现成骨架，能够提高开发的效率和质量。

What is Django?

什么是 Django？

Django is a server-side (backend) web development framework written in Python. This framework is designed for building web applications and provides developers with many features by default. The main goal of Django is to make web development faster, more secure, more organized, and more scalable. Django 是一个用 Python 编写的服务器端（后端）Web 开发框架。该框架专为构建 Web 应用而设计，并默认向开发者提供了许多功能。Django 的主要目标是使 Web 开发更快速、更安全、更有条理且更具可扩展性。

Django’s official slogan: “The web framework for perfectionists with deadlines.” This slogan indicates that Django was built for those who want to develop their projects faster while maintaining high quality. Django 的官方口号： “为有截止日期的完美主义者准备的 Web 框架。” 这句口号表明，Django 是为那些既想快速开发项目，又想保持高质量的开发者而打造的。

History of Django

Django 的历史

Django’s origins trace back to 2003. At that time, a group of programmers at a news company called Lawrence Journal-World started developing an internal framework to better manage their news website. They needed a tool that would allow them to publish news quickly, make site changes easily, and develop the project in a short time. The result of these efforts was the creation of Django. In 2005, Django was publicly released and became an open-source project. Since then, thousands of developers around the world have contributed to its development, and various versions have been released. Django 的起源可以追溯到 2003 年。当时，一家名为 Lawrence Journal-World 的新闻公司的一群程序员开始开发一个内部框架，以更好地管理他们的新闻网站。他们需要一个工具，能够让他们快速发布新闻、轻松进行网站更改，并在短时间内开发项目。这些努力的成果就是 Django 的诞生。2005 年，Django 正式发布并成为一个开源项目。从那时起，全球成千上万的开发者为其贡献了代码，并发布了多个版本。

Why is it named Django? The name Django comes from a famous jazz guitarist named Django Reinhardt. The original developers of this framework had a great passion for jazz music and chose the name Django for this project. 为什么叫 Django？ 这个名字来源于一位著名的爵士吉他手 Django Reinhardt。该框架的最初开发者对爵士乐充满热情，因此为这个项目选择了 Django 这个名字。

What type of framework is Django?

Django 是什么类型的框架？

Django is considered a Full Stack Web Framework; meaning it provides many of the features needed for web development internally. Unlike some frameworks that only cover a specific part of development, Django offers developers various features such as: User management, Database connection, Content management system, Security, URL management, Form handling, Admin panel. Django 被认为是一个全栈 Web 框架；这意味着它在内部提供了 Web 开发所需的许多功能。与一些仅涵盖开发特定部分的框架不同，Django 为开发者提供了多种功能，例如：用户管理、数据库连接、内容管理系统、安全性、URL 管理、表单处理、管理后台。

How does Django work? The MVT Architecture

Django 是如何工作的？MVT 架构

To better understand Django, we need to be familiar with its overall structure. Django is built on the MVT architecture. MVT stands for three main parts: Model, View, and Template. This architecture ensures that code is organized, manageable, and scalable. 为了更好地理解 Django，我们需要熟悉它的整体结构。Django 基于 MVT 架构构建。MVT 代表三个主要部分：模型（Model）、视图（View）和模板（Template）。这种架构确保了代码的条理性、可管理性和可扩展性。

What is a Model? Model is the part related to data and the database. In this section, the structure of the application’s information is defined. For example, in an online store, models can include product, category, user, order, and payment. Django simplifies database communication using its ORM. 什么是模型（Model）？ 模型是与数据和数据库相关的部分。在这一部分中，定义了应用信息的结构。例如，在在线商店中，模型可以包括产品、类别、用户、订单和支付。Django 使用其 ORM 简化了数据库通信。
What is a View? View is the logical part of the application. When a user sends a request, the View decides what to do; for example, the user opens the products page, the request is sent to the View, the View retrieves the product information from the database, and then sends the result to the display page. 什么是视图（View）？ 视图是应用的逻辑部分。当用户发送请求时，视图决定要做什么；例如，用户打开产品页面，请求被发送到视图，视图从数据库中检索产品信息，然后将结果发送到显示页面。
What is a Template? Template is responsible for displaying information to the user. In Django, HTML files are usually used to build pages, and the Template determines how the information is displayed; such as designing the home page, product page, article page, and login page. 什么是模板（Template）？ 模板负责向用户显示信息。在 Django 中，通常使用 HTML 文件来构建页面，模板决定了信息如何显示；例如设计主页、产品页面、文章页面和登录页面。

Django vs. Raw Python Programming

Django 与原生 Python 编程

You might ask, “If Python exists, why should we use Django?” The simple answer is: Python is a programming language, but Django is a tool built with Python for rapid web development. You can build a website with raw Python, but you have to implement many features yourself. In contrast, Django provides ready-made features such as Routing, Authentication, Database Management, Security, and Admin Panel, making project development much faster. 你可能会问：“既然有 Python，为什么还要用 Django？” 简单的回答是：Python 是一种编程语言，而 Django 是一个用 Python 构建的用于快速 Web 开发的工具。你可以用原生 Python 构建网站，但你必须自己实现许多功能。相比之下，Django 提供了诸如路由、身份验证、数据库管理、安全性和管理后台等现成功能，使项目开发速度快得多。

Why has Django become popular?

为什么 Django 变得如此流行？

Uses Python language: The simplicity of Python’s syntax has led many people to enter this field and easily transition into web development through Django. 使用 Python 语言： Python 语法的简洁性引导了许多人进入该领域，并通过 Django 轻松转型为 Web 开发。
High development speed: Ready-made features mean developers don’t waste time building repetitive functionality. 开发速度快： 现成的功能意味着开发者无需浪费时间构建重复的功能。
High security: This framework manages many common security issues and provides developers with appropriate tools to protect the application. 高安全性： 该框架管理了许多常见的安全问题，并为开发者提供了保护应用的适当工具。
Organized project structure: Django forces the programmer to create the project with a specific structure; this makes project maintenance easier and teamwork better. 组织化的项目结构： Django 强制程序员以特定的结构创建项目；这使得项目维护更容易，团队协作也更好。

Key Features of Django

Django 的主要特性

1. Powerful ORM System ORM (Object Relational Mapping) allows developers to work with the database without writing direct SQL commands. Django manages database information as Python objects and supports various databases such as SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, and Oracle. ORM benefits include reduced coding volume, increased development speed, prevention of SQL errors, easy database switching, etc. 1. 强大的 ORM 系统 ORM（对象关系映射）允许开发者在不编写直接 SQL 命令的情况下操作数据库。Django 将数据库信息作为 Python 对象进行管理，并支持多种数据库，如 SQLite、PostgreSQL、MySQL、MariaDB 和 Oracle。ORM 的好处包括减少代码量、提高开发速度、防止 SQL 错误、易于切换数据库等。