NextBSD project revived: Apple's FOSS user-space tools on the FreeBSD kernel

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NextBSD project revived: Apple’s FOSS user-space tools on the FreeBSD kernel

NextBSD: The BSD of the 21st century.

NextBSD：21 世纪的 BSD 系统。

Status

K Kernel + Mach Our own kernel, ABI-compatible with FreeBSD, with Mach built in — mach_msg, ports, port rights, bootstrap server. Kernel extensions provide drivers for GPU, Wi-Fi, and other hardware. Done

K 内核 + Mach 我们自研的内核，与 FreeBSD ABI 兼容，并内置了 Mach——包含 mach_msg、端口、端口权限和引导服务器。内核扩展提供了 GPU、Wi-Fi 及其他硬件的驱动程序。已完成

L launchd Apple’s launchd-842.92.1 — the last open-source release — ported onto our Mach + libxpc stack. PID 1 capable. Working

L launchd 苹果的 launchd-842.92.1（最后一个开源版本）已被移植到我们的 Mach + libxpc 堆栈上。具备 PID 1 能力。运行中

X libxpc Typed inter-process messaging on top of libdispatch + Mach. Forked from ravynOS; bootstrap server + connection lifecycle in flight. Working

X libxpc 基于 libdispatch + Mach 的类型化进程间通信。从 ravynOS 分支而来；引导服务器和连接生命周期管理正在开发中。运行中

D libdispatch Grand Central Dispatch with a native Mach backend for our kernel — DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_MACH_RECV on kqueue. Working

D libdispatch 为我们的内核提供原生 Mach 后端的 Grand Central Dispatch——在 kqueue 上实现 DISPATCH_SOURCE_TYPE_MACH_RECV。运行中

C CoreFoundation Hybrid CF: GNUstep libs-corebase for value types; swift-corelibs CF for CFMachPort, CFRunLoop, CFBundle. Ships with Apple ICU. Working

C CoreFoundation 混合 CF：使用 GNUstep libs-corebase 处理值类型；使用 swift-corelibs CF 处理 CFMachPort、CFRunLoop 和 CFBundle。随附 Apple ICU。运行中

N notifyd / ASL Lightweight named-event bus and Apple System Logger — structured log records, BSD-text dual output, same C API. Working

N notifyd / ASL 轻量级命名事件总线和 Apple 系统日志记录器——支持结构化日志记录、BSD 文本双重输出，并保持相同的 C API。运行中

cfg configd One daemon owns network state, hostname, DNS. Apple’s configd ported as netconfigd with a Mach-RPC API. Working

cfg configd 单一守护进程负责管理网络状态、主机名和 DNS。苹果的 configd 已被移植为带有 Mach-RPC API 的 netconfigd。运行中

mdns mDNSResponder Apple’s Bonjour — multicast DNS and DNS-SD service discovery, ported as the system mDNS daemon with the same dns-sd API. Working

mdns mDNSResponder 苹果的 Bonjour——多播 DNS 和 DNS-SD 服务发现，已作为系统 mDNS 守护进程移植，并保持相同的 dns-sd API。运行中

io IOKit registry A replacement for devmatch/devd exposing an IOKit-shape IORegistry — IOServiceWaitQuiet, IORegistryEntryGetBusyState, and IOKitWaitQuiet. Working

io IOKit 注册表 用于替代 devmatch/devd，提供 IOKit 形状的 IORegistry——包含 IOServiceWaitQuiet、IORegistryEntryGetBusyState 和 IOKitWaitQuiet。运行中

fs DiskArbitration DiskArbitration over libgeom + devctl(4). In progress

fs DiskArbitration 基于 libgeom + devctl(4) 的磁盘仲裁。进行中

bs bootstrap_cmds Darwin’s bootstrap_cmds — the Mach interface generator mig and friends. Core build tooling for the Mach RPC layer. In progress

bs bootstrap_cmds Darwin 的 bootstrap_cmds——Mach 接口生成器 mig 及其相关工具。Mach RPC 层的核心构建工具。进行中

net network_cmds Darwin’s network_cmds — ifconfig, route, netstat and the networking userland. In progress

net network_cmds Darwin 的 network_cmds——ifconfig、route、netstat 以及网络用户空间工具。进行中

fl file_cmds Darwin’s file_cmds — cp, mv, ls, chmod and the core file-manipulation utilities. In progress

fl file_cmds Darwin 的 file_cmds——cp、mv、ls、chmod 以及核心文件操作工具。进行中

sh shell_cmds Darwin’s shell_cmds — shell-era basics: echo, test, kill, su, and their companions. In progress

sh shell_cmds Darwin 的 shell_cmds——Shell 时代的基础工具：echo、test、kill、su 及其配套工具。进行中

sys system_cmds Darwin’s system_cmds — ps, sysctl, login, and low-level system administration tools. In progress

sys system_cmds Darwin 的 system_cmds——ps、sysctl、login 以及底层系统管理工具。进行中

txt text_cmds Darwin’s text_cmds — text-processing utilities: sort, uniq, cut, cat, and friends. In progress

txt text_cmds Darwin 的 text_cmds——文本处理工具：sort、uniq、cut、cat 及其相关工具。进行中

adv adv_cmds Darwin’s adv_cmds — the advanced commands grab-bag: locale tooling, finger, last, and more. In progress

adv adv_cmds Darwin 的 adv_cmds——高级命令集合：区域设置工具、finger、last 等。进行中

pm PowerManagement Darwin’s PowerManagement — pmset and the power-management userland for sleep, wake, and battery policy. In progress

pm PowerManagement Darwin 的 PowerManagement——pmset 以及用于睡眠、唤醒和电池策略的电源管理用户空间工具。进行中

img IMG + ISO A bootable disk image you can write to USB and boot today; an ISO follows later for CD/optical and virtual machine convenience. In progress

img IMG + ISO 一个可启动的磁盘镜像，您可以将其写入 USB 并立即启动；后续将提供 ISO 镜像，以方便在 CD/光驱和虚拟机中使用。进行中

ins Installer Lay down a fresh install — from tagged releases or rolling continuous builds alike. Planned

ins 安装程序 执行全新安装——支持从标记版本或滚动持续构建版本进行安装。计划中

upd Updater Move an existing system forward in place — tracking releases or the rolling continuous stream. Planned

upd 更新程序 原地升级现有系统——支持跟踪正式版本或滚动持续更新流。计划中

History

Where NextBSD came from. A long lineage runs from Bell Labs UNIX, through Mach and NeXTSTEP, into Darwin and the BSDs — and lands here. NextBSD Redux is the latest pickup of work that has changed hands more than once.

历史 NextBSD 的起源。其悠久的血统源自贝尔实验室的 UNIX，经由 Mach 和 NeXTSTEP，演变为 Darwin 和 BSD 系统，最终汇聚于此。NextBSD Redux 是这项多次易手的工作的最新延续。

  • 1969 UNIX at Bell Labs. AT&T’s Bell Labs builds UNIX — the operating system every system on this timeline ultimately descends from. 1969 贝尔实验室的 UNIX。 AT&T 贝尔实验室构建了 UNIX——本时间轴上所有系统的最终鼻祖。
  • 1977 1BSD — the Berkeley line begins. UC Berkeley releases the first Berkeley Software Distribution, a set of enhancements layered on AT&T UNIX. 1977 1BSD——伯克利分支的开端。 加州大学伯克利分校发布了第一个 Berkeley Software Distribution，这是一套基于 AT&T UNIX 的增强功能集。
  • 1983 4.2BSD: FFS and TCP/IP. Berkeley ships the Fast File System and TCP/IP networking — storage and networking groundwork that later BSDs, and macOS, would inherit. 1983 4.2BSD：FFS 和 TCP/IP。 伯克利发布了快速文件系统 (FFS) 和 TCP/IP 网络——为后来的 BSD 和 macOS 奠定了存储和网络基础。
  • mid-1980s Mach is born at Carnegie Mellon. CMU develops the Mach microkernel — a message-passing foundation that becomes the kernel core of NeXTSTEP and, later, Darwin. 80 年代中期 Mach 在卡内基梅隆大学诞生。 CMU 开发了 Mach 微内核——一个消息传递基础，后来成为 NeXTSTEP 以及 Darwin 的内核核心。
  • 1985 Steve Jobs founds NeXT. After leaving Apple, Jobs starts NeXT to build a new generation of workstations and software. 1985 史蒂夫·乔布斯创立 NeXT。 在离开苹果后，乔布斯创办了 NeXT，旨在构建新一代工作站和软件。
  • 1989 NeXTSTEP ships. NeXT releases NeXTSTEP — the Mach kernel and BSD userland under an object-oriented application layer. The blueprint NextBSD follows. 1989 NeXTSTEP 发布。 NeXT 发布了 NeXTSTEP——在面向对象应用层下的 Mach 内核和 BSD 用户空间。这是 NextBSD 所遵循的蓝图。
  • 1993 FreeBSD and NetBSD fork from 386BSD. The open BSD distributions emerge and carry the Berkeley lineage forward. FreeBSD becomes the base NextBSD builds on. 1993 FreeBSD 和 NetBSD 从 386BSD 分支。 开源 BSD 发行版出现，并将伯克利的血统传承下去。FreeBSD 成为了 NextBSD 构建的基础。
  • 1996 Apple acquires NeXT. NeXTSTEP — Mach, BSD, and the Objective-C runtime — comes back to Apple and becomes the foundation of its next operating system. 1996 苹果收购 NeXT。 NeXTSTEP（Mach、BSD 和 Objective-C 运行时）回归苹果，并成为其下一代操作系统的基础。
  • 2000 Mac OS X on Darwin. Apple ships Mac OS X atop Darwin — the Mach kernel fused with BSD userland — the open-source core under every Apple OS since. 2000 基于 Darwin 的 Mac OS X。 苹果在 Darwin（Mach 内核与 BSD 用户空间的融合）之上发布了 Mac OS X——这是此后所有苹果操作系统的开源核心。
  • 2006 OpenDarwin winds down. The effort to ship Darwin as a standalone, installable operating system ends — leaving the system layer open but homeless. 2006 OpenDarwin 停止运营。 将 Darwin 作为独立、可安装操作系统发布的努力宣告结束——使系统层保持开源，但失去了归宿。
  • 2015 The original NextBSD. A sponsored project sets out to bring the Darwin system layer — Mach IPC, launchd, libdispatch, notifyd — onto a FreeBSD base. 2015 最初的 NextBSD。 一个受资助的项目旨在将 Darwin 系统层（Mach IPC、launchd、libdispatch、notifyd）移植到 FreeBSD 基础上。
  • 2016 NextBSD funding ends. 2016 NextBSD 资金耗尽。
  • 2021 ravynOS begins. A new macOS-compatible effort starts on a FreeBSD base, pursuing a familiar desktop and app experience. 2021 ravynOS 开始。 一个基于 FreeBSD 的全新 macOS 兼容项目启动，旨在追求熟悉的桌面和应用体验。
  • 2025 ravynOS moves to XNU. ravynOS shifts its kernel direction toward XNU. 2025 ravynOS 转向 XNU。 ravynOS 将其内核方向转向 XNU。
  • 2026 NextBSD Redux picks up the work. A new vision based on those earlier efforts. 2026 NextBSD Redux 接手该工作。 基于早期努力的全新愿景。

Team

Who’s building it. A small team working in the open. As the effort grows, this is where core developers and key contributors will be credited.

团队 谁在构建它。一个在开源环境下工作的小型团队。随着项目的成长，核心开发者和关键贡献者将在此处列出。

  • Joe Maloney (Maintainer & lead) Maintains the project and its research. pkgdemon.github.io Joe Maloney（维护者兼负责人）负责维护项目及其研究。pkgdemon.github.io
  • Claude AI (collaborator · Anthropic) Pairs on porting, auditing, and integration as a force multiplier. anthropic.com/claude Claude AI（合作者 · Anthropic）作为倍增器，协助进行移植、审计和集成工作。anthropic.com/claude
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