FDA reports new outbreak of explosive diarrhea with 72 cases identified
FDA reports new outbreak of explosive diarrhea with 72 cases identified
美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）报告新一轮爆发，已确认72例喷射性腹泻病例
The Food and Drug Administration announced on Wednesday that it’s investigating yet another outbreak of Cyclospora, the unicellular foodborne parasite behind a nationwide surge in explosive watery diarrhea illnesses. The FDA said 72 cases have been identified in this outbreak, but the agency provided no details on the situation. 美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）周三宣布，正在调查又一起圆孢子虫（Cyclospora）爆发事件。这是一种单细胞食源性寄生虫，是导致全美范围内喷射性水样腹泻病例激增的罪魁祸首。FDA表示，此次爆发已确认72例病例，但该机构未提供有关情况的详细信息。
This announcement marks the sixth Cyclospora outbreak investigation the FDA has opened this year. Overall, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has gotten reports of more than 11,500 cases (including 4,173 confirmed and over 7,400 probable) from 41 states. Among the cases, there have been 308 hospitalizations and no deaths. 此次公告标志着FDA今年启动的第六起圆孢子虫爆发调查。总体而言，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）已收到来自41个州的超过11,500例病例报告（包括4,173例确诊病例和超过7,400例疑似病例）。在这些病例中，有308人住院治疗，暂无死亡报告。
This year’s tally so far—just in July—greatly exceeds the normal number of cases the US sees in a whole year. In recent years, the US has reported between 2,000 and 5,000 cases in a year, according to CDC data. With a new outbreak announced, the tally of cases is likely to continue climbing. Nevertheless, when asked about the national surge in cases earlier this week, anti-vaccine Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. said the situation was “under control.” 今年迄今为止的病例总数——仅在7月份——就已大大超过了美国全年通常的病例数。根据CDC的数据，近年来美国每年报告的病例数在2,000到5,000例之间。随着新一轮爆发的宣布，病例总数可能会继续攀升。然而，本周早些时候，当被问及全国病例激增的情况时，反疫苗立场的卫生部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪（Robert F. Kennedy Jr.）称局势“在控制之中”。
Outbreak responses
爆发应对措施
Last week, the FDA and CDC announced that one of the previously identified outbreaks was linked to shredded iceberg lettuce grown in Mexico and distributed by Taylor Farms. Some of the lettuce was served at Taco Bell locations and linked cases had been identified in five states: Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and West Virginia. Michigan alone has reported 7,664 cases and 106 hospitalizations as of July 23. 上周，FDA和CDC宣布，此前确认的一起爆发与墨西哥种植并由Taylor Farms分销的切碎圆生菜有关。部分生菜曾供应给塔可钟（Taco Bell）门店，相关病例已在印第安纳州、肯塔基州、密歇根州、俄亥俄州和西弗吉尼亚州五个州被发现。截至7月23日，仅密歇根州就报告了7,664例病例和106例住院治疗。
A recall Taylor Farms issued led to the removal of iceberg lettuce the company distributed to 27 states. But the recall list was vague, not providing consumers with information on where the lettuce was sold or how consumers could avoid it. The FDA reported that some of the lettuce was sold at Walmart stores, while media reports found the lettuce also went to Jack in the Box restaurants, and food distributors Sysco and US Foods. It was also sold in blends with romaine lettuce. Taylor Farms发布的一项召回令导致该公司分销到27个州的圆生菜被下架。但召回清单含糊不清，没有向消费者提供关于生菜在何处销售或消费者如何避免购买的信息。FDA报告称，部分生菜在沃尔玛门店销售，而媒体报道发现，这些生菜还流向了Jack in the Box餐厅以及食品分销商Sysco和US Foods。它还被混合在罗马生菜中进行销售。
Whether the new outbreak the FDA identified Wednesday is ultimately from an entirely different source or linked to that outbreak remains unclear. The FDA did not provide information on where the cases were identified or how they may be linked. Similarly, it’s unclear what potential food sources are being investigated, though the FDA said a traceback investigation is underway. FDA周三确认的新一轮爆发究竟是来自完全不同的源头，还是与之前的爆发有关，目前尚不清楚。FDA没有提供病例发现地点或它们可能如何关联的信息。同样，目前尚不清楚正在调查哪些潜在的食物来源，尽管FDA表示溯源调查正在进行中。
The Department of Health and Human Services, which houses both the FDA and CDC, did not immediately respond to requests for comment from Ars Technica. Other outlets, including the New York Times, have also reported that the FDA and CDC did not respond to questions about the new outbreak. Both agencies have been hit hard by budget and staffing cuts by the Trump administration. 隶属于卫生与公众服务部（HHS）的FDA和CDC均未立即回应Ars Technica的置评请求。包括《纽约时报》在内的其他媒体也报道称，FDA和CDC未回应有关此次新爆发的问题。这两个机构都受到了特朗普政府预算和人员削减的严重打击。
In addition to the six Cyclospora outbreaks this year, the FDA has 10 other open investigations on foodborne outbreaks, including outbreaks caused by Salmonella, E. coli, Clostridium botulinum, and Listeria monocytogenes. 除了今年发生的六起圆孢子虫爆发外，FDA还有10项关于食源性疾病爆发的调查正在进行中，其中包括由沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、肉毒杆菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌引起的爆发。