Nvidia, Microsoft, Meta warn against overregulating open-weight models
Nvidia, Microsoft, Meta warn against overregulating open-weight models
英伟达、微软、Meta 警告：切勿对开源权重模型过度监管
A group of 25 tech companies released a letter urging policymakers to avoid “premature restrictions” on open-weight AI models. Chinese open-weight models are gaining steam against leading offerings from American companies, which has sparked a debate about whether they should be restricted. 由 25 家科技公司组成的团体发布了一封联名信，敦促政策制定者避免对开源权重（open-weight）人工智能模型实施“过早的限制”。目前，中国开源权重模型在与美国公司领先产品的竞争中势头强劲，这引发了关于是否应限制这些模型的争论。
OpenAI and Anthropic, which are gearing up for potentially massive IPOs, did not sign the letter. 正在筹备潜在巨额首次公开募股（IPO）的 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 并未签署该信件。
Nvidia, Microsoft, Meta, Palantir and more than 20 other companies released a letter Friday urging policymakers to avoid “premature restrictions” on open-weight artificial intelligence models that would “stifle competition or drive innovation overseas.” 周五，英伟达、微软、Meta、Palantir 以及其他 20 多家公司发布了一封联名信，敦促政策制定者避免对开源权重人工智能模型实施“过早的限制”，称此举将“扼杀竞争或将创新推向海外”。
Open-weight AI models are available for users to download, modify and run on their own infrastructure, and they have been the subject of fierce debate within the tech sector in recent weeks. Chinese open-weight models are gaining steam against leading offerings from American companies like OpenAI and Anthropic, which primarily develop proprietary, closed models. Officials and executives have been weighing whether or not to restrict access to Chinese models in the U.S. 开源权重 AI 模型允许用户下载、修改并在自己的基础设施上运行。近几周来，这些模型已成为科技界激烈辩论的主题。中国的开源权重模型在与 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 等美国公司（主要开发专有闭源模型）的领先产品竞争中正逐渐获得优势。官员和高管们一直在权衡是否应限制中国模型在美国的使用。
Moonshot AI, a Chinese startup, amplified concerns earlier this month after releasing a model called Kimi K3 that outperforms cutting-edge American offerings across some industry benchmarks. U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told CNBC on Tuesday that the Trump administration would look into whether Chinese companies were stealing American intellectual property, and stated that the government has “the ability to sanction them because of this theft.” 本月早些时候，中国初创公司月之暗面（Moonshot AI）发布了名为 Kimi K3 的模型，该模型在某些行业基准测试中表现优于美国顶尖产品，从而加剧了人们的担忧。美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）周二对 CNBC 表示，特朗普政府将调查中国公司是否存在窃取美国知识产权的行为，并称政府“有能力因这种盗窃行为对他们实施制裁”。
But in the letter on Friday, the group of U.S. tech companies cautioned against any rash actions. They wrote that open-weight models strengthen competition and ensure that the benefits of the technology are “broadly shared rather than concentrated in a few hands.” 但在周五的信中，这群美国科技公司警告不要采取任何草率行动。他们写道，开源权重模型加强了竞争，并确保技术红利能够“广泛共享，而不是集中在少数人手中”。
“Relying solely on closed models is not inherently safe: they can be breached, misused, or fail in ways that outsiders cannot detect,” the letter said. “And concentrating advanced AI capabilities behind a small number of closed models compounds that risk.” 信中写道：“仅仅依赖闭源模型并非绝对安全：它们可能会被入侵、滥用，或以局外人无法察觉的方式出现故障。将先进的 AI 能力集中在少数几个闭源模型背后，反而会加剧这种风险。”
Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang and Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella both shared the letter on their personal social media accounts. Elon Musk, who runs an AI business under his rocket company SpaceX, also amplified the letter on social media, writing that it has his “full support” in a post on X. SpaceX did not officially sign the letter. 英伟达首席执行官黄仁勋和微软首席执行官萨提亚·纳德拉（Satya Nadella）都在其个人社交媒体账号上分享了这封信。埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）在其火箭公司 SpaceX 旗下经营着一家 AI 企业，他也在社交媒体上转发了这封信，并在 X 上发文称其给予“全力支持”。SpaceX 并未正式签署该信件。
OpenAI and Anthropic did not sign the letter. Both companies, which are each valued at nearly $1 trillion, are gearing up for potentially massive initial public offerings that could land as soon as this year. Anthropic confidentially filed its prospectus with the Securities and Exchange Commission in June, and OpenAI followed suit days later. OpenAI 和 Anthropic 没有签署这封信。这两家公司估值均接近 1 万亿美元，正准备进行可能最早于今年进行的巨额首次公开募股。Anthropic 于 6 月向美国证券交易委员会秘密提交了招股说明书，OpenAI 也在几天后采取了同样的行动。
Greg Brockman, OpenAI’s president, said Thursday that the company believes in broad access, and that he has not been involved in any conversations with the Trump administration about potentially banning Chinese open-weight models in the U.S. OpenAI 总裁格雷格·布罗克曼（Greg Brockman）周四表示，公司相信广泛的访问权限，并且他没有参与任何关于特朗普政府可能在美国禁止中国开源权重模型的讨论。
“I think that, that fundamentally, AI and AI usage is something that is actually very important to democratize,” Brockman told reporters during a briefing in New York City. “And so, for me, at a sort of deep level, I think that having more models, more usage, that is a good thing.” 布罗克曼在纽约市的一次简报会上告诉记者：“我认为，从根本上讲，AI 和 AI 的使用是非常需要民主化的。因此，对我而言，从深层次来看，我认为拥有更多的模型、更多的使用场景是一件好事。”
OpenAI CEO Sam Altman addressed the letter in a post on X on Friday, writing that he wants the U.S. to win with both open-weight and proprietary models, and that he is “glad to see this.” OpenAI 首席执行官萨姆·奥特曼（Sam Altman）周五在 X 上发文回应了这封信，写道他希望美国在开源权重模型和专有模型方面都能取得胜利，并表示他“很高兴看到这一点”。
Earlier this month, the AI company Hugging Face used an open-weight model from the Chinese company Z.ai to contain a cyberattack that rogue OpenAI models carried out. OpenAI disclosed the attack on Tuesday and characterized it as an “unprecedented cyber incident.” 本月早些时候，AI 公司 Hugging Face 使用了中国公司 Z.ai 的开源权重模型，成功遏制了一次由恶意 OpenAI 模型发起的网络攻击。OpenAI 周二披露了此次攻击，并将其定性为“前所未有的网络事件”。
Yacine Jernite, head of machine learning at Hugging Face, told CNBC that the company initially tried to use Anthropic’s Fable 5 to analyze the attack, but that it didn’t work because the model’s guardrails couldn’t determine that Hugging Face was trying to defend itself. Jernite said Hugging Face turned to Z.ai’s model GLM 5.2, and was able to contain the attack “very quickly using this model.” Hugging Face 的机器学习负责人 Yacine Jernite 告诉 CNBC，公司最初尝试使用 Anthropic 的 Fable 5 来分析攻击，但没有成功，因为该模型的护栏机制无法判断 Hugging Face 是在进行自我防御。Jernite 表示，Hugging Face 随后转向了 Z.ai 的 GLM 5.2 模型，并“利用该模型非常迅速地”遏制了攻击。
White House advisor Michael Kratsios on Wednesday said that China’s Moonshot AI developed its Kimi K3 model by distilling Anthropic’s technology. Distillation is a term for an AI training method where a smaller, less capable model is built using outputs from an existing, stronger model. 白宫顾问迈克尔·克拉齐奥斯（Michael Kratsios）周三表示，中国的月之暗面（Moonshot AI）是通过蒸馏 Anthropic 的技术开发出 Kimi K3 模型的。“蒸馏”是指一种 AI 训练方法，即利用现有更强大模型的输出结果来构建一个规模更小、能力较弱的模型。
Kratsios wrote in a post on X that legitimate AI distillation plays a vital role in the open innovation ecosystem, but warned that “large-scale, covert industrial distillation aimed at stealing proprietary U.S. technology” is “unacceptable.” 克拉齐奥斯在 X 上发文称，合法的 AI 蒸馏在开放创新生态系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，但他警告说，“旨在窃取美国专有技术的大规模、隐蔽的工业蒸馏”是“不可接受的”。
In the letter on Friday, the U.S. tech companies said that concerns about unlawful distillation should be addressed through “targeted legal and commercial frameworks” instead of with “sweeping restrictions on techniques that play an important role in AI innovation.” 在周五的信中，美国科技公司表示，对非法蒸馏的担忧应通过“有针对性的法律和商业框架”来解决，而不是通过“对在 AI 创新中发挥重要作用的技术实施全面限制”。
“Our AI leadership will be judged not by one frontier AI model, but by whether the United States builds a strong, open ecosystem that diffuses into every sector,” the letter said. “This is essential for creating opportunities for innovation and prosperity across the country.” 信中写道：“我们的 AI 领导地位将不再由单一的前沿 AI 模型来衡量，而是取决于美国是否能建立一个强大的、开放的生态系统，并将其渗透到各个领域。这对在全国范围内创造创新和繁荣的机会至关重要。”