The Download: an organ transplant breakthrough, and homegrown Chinese chips
The Download: an organ transplant breakthrough, and homegrown Chinese chips
《下载》：器官移植的突破与中国自主研发的芯片
This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. 这是我们工作日时事通讯《下载》的今日版，为您提供每日科技界动态。
Supercooled kidneys have been transplanted into pigs in a “landmark achievement.” When it comes to organ donation, time is everything. As soon as an organ has been removed from a donor’s body, it starts to deteriorate. Surgeons have only a matter of hours to get it into a recipient. 过冷肾脏已被移植到猪体内，这是一项“里程碑式的成就”。在器官捐献方面，时间就是一切。一旦器官从捐赠者体内取出，它就开始退化。外科医生只有几个小时的时间将其移植给接受者。
In most cases, organs will be kept on ice during that time, at around 4 °C (39 °F). They cannot be frozen—in previous attempts, ice has formed, causing all kinds of damage. But now, scientists have come up with a device that allows organs to be cooled to -4 °C (25 °F) without forming any ice. They’ve tested it with pig organs and shown that kidneys, at least, can be preserved in the device for days then successfully transplanted. Read our story about their breakthrough, and why it raises hopes for longer-term storage of donated human organs. —Jessica Hamzelou 在大多数情况下，器官在此期间会保存在冰上，温度约为 4°C (39°F)。它们不能被冷冻——在之前的尝试中，冰晶的形成造成了各种损害。但现在，科学家们发明了一种装置，可以将器官冷却到 -4°C (25°F) 而不形成任何冰晶。他们已经在猪器官上进行了测试，证明至少肾脏可以在该装置中保存数天，然后成功移植。阅读我们关于这一突破的报道，了解它为何为捐赠人类器官的长期储存带来了希望。——Jessica Hamzelou
If you want to read more about this story and its implications for organ preservation and transplantation, sign up to receive The Checkup, our weekly biotech newsletter, later today. 如果您想了解更多关于此报道及其对器官保存和移植的影响，请在今天晚些时候注册订阅我们的每周生物技术时事通讯《The Checkup》。
The must-reads
必读内容
I’ve combed the internet to find you today’s most fun/important/scary/fascinating stories about technology. 我梳理了互联网，为您找出了今天最有趣、最重要、最令人担忧和最引人入胜的科技故事。
1. Inside China’s epic push to replace US chips 1. 深入了解中国取代美国芯片的宏大计划 The gap between their chips’ capabilities remains large—for now. (WSJ $) 目前，其芯片能力与美国之间的差距依然巨大。（《华尔街日报》付费内容）
- How China is using open source AI as a new form of soft power around the globe. (NYT $)
- 中国如何利用开源人工智能作为全球软实力的新形式。（《纽约时报》付费内容）
- A new bill in the US takes aim at Chinese AI companies’ training practices. (NBC)
- 美国一项新法案旨在针对中国人工智能公司的训练行为。（NBC）
- US lawmakers are also mulling banning the military from using Chinese humanoid robots. (SCMP)
- 美国立法者也在考虑禁止军方使用中国的人形机器人。（《南华早报》）
2. Space data centers don’t exist yet, but people already oppose them 2. 太空数据中心尚未出现，但人们已经开始反对 Environmental experts warn it’ll further pollute the stratosphere. (Guardian) 环境专家警告称，这将进一步污染平流层。（《卫报》）
- Four things we’d need to put data centers in space. (MIT Technology Review)
- 我们在太空中建立数据中心所需的四项条件。（《麻省理工科技评论》）
- What it’s like inside the data centers powering AI down here on Earth. (Axios)
- 地球上为人工智能提供动力的数据中心内部是什么样的。（Axios）
- The left and right are finding common cause with data center protests in the US. (The Verge)
- 美国左右两派在数据中心抗议活动中找到了共同点。（The Verge）
3. US lawmakers are pushing for an AI ‘kill switch’ 3. 美国立法者正在推动人工智能“紧急停止开关” After OpenAI’s models went rogue and hacked Hugging Face. (BBC) 在 OpenAI 的模型失控并入侵 Hugging Face 之后。（BBC）
4. Peptides seem on the cusp of going mainstream in the US 4. 多肽在美国似乎即将成为主流 A lack of scientific evidence didn’t stop the FDA just voting to let some pharmacies to legally dispense them. (Wired $) 缺乏科学证据并没有阻止 FDA 投票允许一些药房合法配发它们。（《连线》付费内容）
- How does Make America Healthy Again hold up to scientific scrutiny? (Nature)
- “让美国再次健康”运动经得起科学审查吗？（《自然》）
- US measles cases are reaching levels not seen for three decades. (Wired $)
- 美国麻疹病例数达到三十年来未见的水平。（《连线》付费内容）
- Peptides are everywhere. Here’s what you need to know. (MIT Technology Review)
- 多肽无处不在。这是你需要知道的。（《麻省理工科技评论》）
5. The EU just fined Google almost $1 billion 5. 欧盟刚刚对谷歌处以近 10 亿美元罚款 For competition breaches over apps and search. (FT $) 原因是在应用程序和搜索方面的竞争违规。（《金融时报》付费内容）
- It came just a day before Trump renewed tariffs on 60 trading partners, including the EU. (BBC)
- 此事发生在前一天，特朗普刚刚对包括欧盟在内的 60 个贸易伙伴重新征收关税。（BBC）
6. Electric vehicles are selling well in Europe 6. 电动汽车在欧洲销售火爆 And the share made by Chinese firms has doubled in the last year. (The Next Web) 中国企业制造的份额在过去一年中翻了一番。（The Next Web）
- Hybrids are hot property in the US this summer. (Wired $)
- 今年夏天，混合动力汽车在美国非常抢手。（《连线》付费内容）
7. There’s a worsening shortage of computer science professors 7. 计算机科学教授的短缺情况正在恶化 You can blame AI companies—they keep snapping them up, to our general detriment. (The Atlantic $) 这得怪人工智能公司——他们不断挖走人才，这对我们整体而言是有害的。（《大西洋月刊》付费内容）
8. A judge caught a stenographer allowing AI errors into their transcript 8. 一名法官发现速记员将人工智能错误带入庭审记录 It’s apparently the first time this has happened, but it certainly won’t be the last. (404 Media) 这显然是此类事件首次发生，但绝不会是最后一次。（404 Media）
- Even judges themselves are falling for AI. (MIT Technology Review)
- 甚至法官自己也正在被人工智能误导。（《麻省理工科技评论》）
9. Here’s what new tech millionaires will do with their IPO wealth 💸 9. 新晋科技百万富翁将如何处理他们的 IPO 财富 💸 What a nice problem to have to grapple with! (Quartz $) 这是一个多么令人愉快的烦恼啊！（Quartz 付费内容）
10. Dating apps’ latest wheeze? In-person events 10. 约会软件的最新招数？线下活动 Well well well, it seems we’ve come full circle. (Bloomberg $) 好吧，看来我们又回到了原点。（《彭博社》付费内容）
Quote of the day
今日名言
“Call us optimists, call us dreamers. Just as we’ve always done, we’re betting on people.” “称我们为乐观主义者也好，称我们为梦想家也罢。正如我们一直所做的那样，我们选择相信人类。” —The voiceover from a new advert from Meta, which exhorts us to be more optimistic about AI. ——Meta 一则新广告的旁白，呼吁我们对人工智能保持更乐观的态度。
One More Thing
补充内容
AI is changing how we study bird migration 人工智能正在改变我们研究鸟类迁徙的方式 In a warming world increasingly full of human infrastructure that can be deadly to them, like glass skyscrapers and power lines, migratory birds are facing many existential threats. Scientists rely on a combination of methods to track the timing and location of their migrations, though each has shortcomings. But now, machine-learning tools are unlocking a treasure trove of acoustic data for ecologists. Read our story about the technology that’s making it easier to detect and identify birds and their movements. —Christian Elliott 在一个气候变暖且充斥着可能对鸟类致命的人类基础设施（如玻璃摩天大楼和电线）的世界里，候鸟正面临许多生存威胁。科学家们依靠多种方法的组合来追踪它们迁徙的时间和地点，但每种方法都有其局限性。然而现在，机器学习工具正在为生态学家解锁一个声学数据的宝库。阅读我们关于这项技术的报道，它让探测和识别鸟类及其活动变得更加容易。——Christian Elliott
We can still have nice things 我们依然可以拥有美好的事物 A place for comfort, fun, and distraction to brighten up your day. (Got any ideas? Drop me a line.) 一个为您带来舒适、乐趣和放松，点亮您一天的地方。（有什么想法吗？给我写信。）
- It’s never too late to live your dreams. Here’s how these late bloomers did it.
- 追逐梦想永远不晚。看看这些大器晚成者是如何做到的。
- Limbs feeling a bit tight? Try these stretches!
- 四肢感觉有点僵硬？试试这些拉伸动作！
- These English football fans went to the 1986 World Cup—and loved it so much they never came home.
- 这些英国足球迷去了 1986 年世界杯——他们太喜欢那里了，以至于再也没有回家。
- How the invention of the humble paint tube revolutionized the world of art.
- 简陋的颜料管的发明是如何彻底改变艺术世界的。