Show HN: I'm a 15 Year Old Wannabe Engineer, This Is a Cycloidal Gearbox I Built

Show HN: I’m a 15 Year Old Wannabe Engineer, This Is a Cycloidal Gearbox I Built

Show HN:我是一名 15 岁的准工程师,这是我制作的摆线减速机

Cycloidal Gearbox ⚙️ This is my cycloidal gearbox I built, and the python script I created to generate it! A cycloidal gearbox is a type of gearbox that allows you to turn rotational speed into torque. 摆线减速机 ⚙️ 这是我制作的摆线减速机,以及我为生成它而编写的 Python 脚本!摆线减速机是一种可以将转速转化为扭矩的变速箱。

Design Process

设计过程

Version 1 This gearbox was a handcranked gearbox specifically meant to test the validity of the python cycloidal generator. It had a gear ratio of 1:9. 版本 1:这是一个手摇式减速机,专门用于测试 Python 摆线生成器的有效性。它的减速比为 1:9。

Version 2 This design was a micro cycloidal gearbox with a ratio of 1:9, meant to only take up the same footprint as a NEMA 17. Due to the tight tolerances needed for a small cycloidal drive and the lack of precision offered by 3D printing, this design did not work. 版本 2:这是一个微型摆线减速机,减速比为 1:9,旨在占用与 NEMA 17 步进电机相同的空间。由于小型摆线驱动器所需的公差非常严格,而 3D 打印的精度不足,该设计未能成功。

Version 3 This gearbox was the first working version to run on a NEMA 17. It has a larger footprint compared to Version 2 allowing greater tolerances and a fully functional design. 版本 3:这是第一个可以在 NEMA 17 上运行的工作版本。与版本 2 相比,它的体积更大,允许更大的公差,并且是一个功能完备的设计。

🛠️ The Python Script

🛠️ Python 脚本

This python script was based on the SolidWorks article Building a Cycloidal Drive with SOLIDWORKS. The two main parametric equations I used were: 该 Python 脚本基于 SolidWorks 的文章《使用 SOLIDWORKS 构建摆线驱动器》。我使用的两个主要参数方程为:

$$x = R \cos(t) - E \cos(N t) - r \cos(t + \psi), \quad y = R \sin(t) - E \sin(N t) - r \sin(t + \psi)$$ $$\psi = \text{atan2}\left(\sin((1 - N) t), \frac{R}{E \cdot N} - \cos((1 - N) t)\right)$$

Reduction ratio: $1 : (N - 1)$ (rotor rotates opposite to input shaft). 减速比:$1 : (N - 1)$(转子旋转方向与输入轴相反)。

Installation & Execution

安装与运行

Clone the repo. Open Fusion 360 and launch Scripts and Add-Ins (Shift + S). Under the Scripts tab, click + (Plus) to add a script. Select the cycloidal_generator folder and click Run. 克隆仓库。打开 Fusion 360 并启动“脚本和插件”(Shift + S)。在“脚本”选项卡下,点击“+”(加号)添加脚本。选择 cycloidal_generator 文件夹并点击“运行”。

Key Parameters

关键参数

  • Pins ($N$) & Pitch Radius ($R$): Sets outer stationary housing geometry (Rotor has $N-1$ lobes). 销钉 ($N$) 与节圆半径 ($R$): 设置外部固定外壳的几何形状(转子具有 $N-1$ 个齿瓣)。
  • Eccentricity ($E$): Input shaft offset distance. (Constraint: $R > E \cdot N$). 偏心距 ($E$): 输入轴的偏移距离。(约束条件:$R > E \cdot N$)。
  • Outer Pin Radius ($r$): Roller pin radius. (Constraint: validated against undercut limit $r_{\text{max}}$). 外销半径 ($r$): 滚柱销半径。(约束条件:需根据底切极限 $r_{\text{max}}$ 进行验证)。
  • Precision / Profile Offset: Angular step size and tolerance offset ($+$ for 3D print clearance). 精度 / 轮廓偏移: 角度步长和公差偏移(正值用于 3D 打印间隙)。
  • Output Pins & Bolt Radius: Defines concentric output pins and rotor clearance holes ($r_{\text{pin}} + E$). 输出销与螺栓半径: 定义同心输出销和转子间隙孔($r_{\text{pin}} + E$)。

🚀 Version 3 — Detailed Overview & Stats

🚀 版本 3 — 详细概述与数据

Note: This section is dedicated to Version 3, whose CAD files can be found under cad_models/version_3. 注:本节专门介绍版本 3,其 CAD 文件可在 cad_models/version_3 下找到。

Metric / ParameterValue / Detail
指标 / 参数数值 / 详情
Gear Ratio1:9 ($N=10$ outer pins, 9 rotor lobes)
减速比1:9($N=10$ 个外销,9 个转子齿瓣)
Outer Diameter9.0 cm (90 mm)
外径9.0 厘米 (90 毫米)
Drive MotorNEMA 17 Stepper Motor (42bygh40-A24dh)
驱动电机NEMA 17 步进电机 (42bygh40-A24dh)
3D Printing MaterialPLA
3D 打印材料PLA
Primary Fasteners / Hardware4× M3 × 8 screws, 2× 6704 Bearings
主要紧固件 / 五金件4× M3 × 8 螺丝,2× 6704 轴承
Tolerance Offset Applied+0.15 mm (+0.015 cm) all around
应用公差偏移全局 +0.15 毫米 (+0.015 厘米)
Gearbox Torque1.3 N·m ± 0.007 N·m
减速机扭矩1.3 N·m ± 0.007 N·m
Base NEMA 17 Torque0.21 N·m ± 0.007 N·m
基础 NEMA 17 扭矩0.21 N·m ± 0.007 N·m
Efficiency66% ± 0.22%
效率66% ± 0.22%

Further room for growth

进一步改进空间

The housing pins can be replaced with MR128 bearings allowing for less friction and higher efficiency in the gearbox. The output pins can be replaced with M2 screws with metal coverings to increase rigidity, maximum torque output, and the efficiency of the gearbox. 外壳销钉可以更换为 MR128 轴承,从而减少摩擦并提高减速机的效率。输出销可以更换为带有金属套管的 M2 螺丝,以增加刚性、最大扭矩输出以及减速机的效率。