Wind and solar overtake fossil fuels in Germany for the first time
Wind and solar overtake fossil fuels in Germany for the first time
风能和太阳能首次在德国超越化石燃料
Carbon Brief’s analysis of Energy Institute data shows renewables generated 225 TWh in 2025 against 217 TWh from fossil fuels — a milestone Germany shares with the EU as a whole, even as it leans harder on renewables than neighbours to compensate for its nuclear phaseout.
根据 Carbon Brief 对能源研究所（Energy Institute）数据的分析显示，2025 年可再生能源发电量为 225 太瓦时（TWh），而化石燃料发电量为 217 太瓦时。这一里程碑不仅属于德国，也属于整个欧盟。尽管德国为了弥补核电淘汰带来的缺口，比邻国更加依赖可再生能源，但它依然实现了这一目标。
More of Germany’s electricity came from wind and solar power than from fossil fuels for the first time ever in 2025, according to Carbon Brief’s analysis of Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy data. Wind and solar together generated 225 terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity, 44% of the total, against 217 TWh (43%) from fossil fuels – a milestone Germany shares with the EU as a whole, which also saw wind and solar overtake fossil-fuel generation for the first time in 2025.
根据 Carbon Brief 对《能源研究所世界能源统计回顾》数据的分析，2025 年，德国风能和太阳能发电量首次超过了化石燃料。风能和太阳能合计发电 225 太瓦时（TWh），占总发电量的 44%，而化石燃料发电量为 217 太瓦时（占 43%）。这一里程碑与整个欧盟的情况一致，欧盟在 2025 年也首次见证了风能和太阳能发电量超过化石燃料。
The shift reflects two decades of rapid growth in solar and onshore wind under Germany’s “Energiewende” strategy, as the country transitions away from both coal and nuclear power. Germany aims to install 115 gigawatts (GW) of onshore wind by 2030, and approved a record 20.8 GW of new capacity in 2025 alone. Official targets require economy-wide net-zero emissions by 2045, an 80% renewables share of electricity consumption by 2030, and a “largely climate neutral” power system by 2035.
这一转变反映了德国在“能源转型”（Energiewende）战略下，过去二十年里太阳能和陆上风能的快速增长，该国正逐步摆脱对煤炭和核能的依赖。德国的目标是到 2030 年安装 115 吉瓦（GW）的陆上风电，仅在 2025 年就批准了创纪录的 20.8 吉瓦新增装机容量。官方目标要求到 2045 年实现全经济范围的净零排放，到 2030 年可再生能源占电力消费的 80%，并到 2035 年实现“基本气候中和”的电力系统。
Germany has to lean on renewables harder than neighbours such as France and the UK to hit those goals, precisely because of its nuclear phaseout – a core plank of the Energiewende that remains politically settled despite recent pushback. Centre-right Chancellor Friedrich Merz described the phaseout as a “strategic mistake” earlier this year, but his government has ruled out returning to conventional nuclear power.
德国必须比法国和英国等邻国更依赖可再生能源才能实现这些目标，这正是因为其核电淘汰政策——这是“能源转型”的核心支柱，尽管近期面临阻力，但在政治上已成定局。中右翼总理弗里德里希·默茨（Friedrich Merz）今年早些时候称淘汰核电是“战略错误”，但其政府已排除了回归传统核电的可能性。
Coal remains the bigger near-term challenge: Germany still relies on it far more than most other European countries, with an official phaseout deadline of “no later than” 2038, though experts believe the country is on track to eliminate coal from its power supply years ahead of that date despite pressure during the recent energy crisis to slow the transition.
煤炭仍然是短期内更大的挑战：德国对煤炭的依赖程度远高于大多数其他欧洲国家，官方设定的淘汰截止日期为“不晚于”2038 年。尽管在近期的能源危机中曾面临放缓转型的压力，但专家认为，德国有望提前数年从电力供应中彻底淘汰煤炭。
Renewables now face a different kind of opposition, however: mounting resistance from the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), even as the current coalition simultaneously pursues new gas-fired power plants of its own – legislated as a bridge technology, with the plants intended to convert to run on green hydrogen by 2045 to stay consistent with the climate-neutrality target.
然而，可再生能源现在面临着另一种反对声音：来自极右翼政党“德国选择党”（AfD）的阻力日益增加。与此同时，现任联合政府正在推进建设新的燃气发电厂——这些电厂被立法定义为过渡技术，旨在到 2045 年转换为使用绿色氢气，以符合气候中和的目标。
Very few voices outside the AfD are calling to scrap the coal phaseout altogether, but the government is due to publish a review of its timelines in August, which will be the next test of how firmly Berlin intends to hold the line.
除了 AfD 之外，几乎没有其他声音要求完全废除煤炭淘汰计划，但政府定于 8 月发布一份关于时间表的评估报告，这将是柏林当局坚持既定路线决心的一次新考验。