U.S. used ‘virtually all’ of its long-range precision missiles during Iran war

美国在对伊战争中耗尽了“几乎所有”远程精确制导导弹

The U.S. Army has used up much of its stockpile of highly accurate long-range missiles during its five-month war with Iran, according to three people familiar with the data, raising concerns about the military’s readiness for future conflicts. 据三位知情人士透露，美国陆军在与伊朗长达五个月的战争中，已经耗尽了其大部分高精度远程导弹库存，这引发了人们对美军应对未来冲突准备情况的担忧。

The missiles are principally the Army’s surface-to-surface weapons, known as Army Tactical Missile Systems (ATACMS) and Precision Strike Missiles (PrSM). The U.S. has used “virtually all” of these weapons, according to two of the sources. 这些导弹主要是陆军的地对地武器，即陆军战术导弹系统（ATACMS）和精确打击导弹（PrSM）。据其中两位消息人士称，美国已经使用了“几乎所有”此类武器。

The degree to which the military is running out of ATACMS and Precision Strike Missiles has not been previously reported. The long-range munitions are an important part the military’s arsenal, allowing accurate strikes from a safe distance. U.S.-supplied ATACMS have played a key role in the war in Ukraine, allowing Ukrainian forces to attack targets inside Russia. The PrSM is a newer, more advanced generation that will replace the ATACMS, which have a shorter range. 美军ATACMS和精确打击导弹库存告急的程度此前并未被报道过。这些远程弹药是美军武库的重要组成部分，能够从安全距离进行精确打击。美国提供的ATACMS在乌克兰战争中发挥了关键作用，使乌克兰军队能够打击俄罗斯境内的目标。PrSM是比ATACMS更新、更先进的下一代导弹，将取代射程较短的ATACMS。

Analysts say such weapons – which cost over $1 million each – would also be important in any conflict with China. 分析人士表示，这些单价超过100万美元的武器在未来任何与中国的冲突中也将至关重要。

The sources declined to say how many of each munition the U.S. had left. 消息人士拒绝透露美国目前剩余的各类弹药具体数量。

President Donald Trump launched the Iran war jointly with Israel in February, predicting that the conflict would last a short time. 唐纳德·特朗普总统于2月份与以色列联合发动了对伊战争，并预测这场冲突只会持续很短时间。

But as the war drags on, the three people familiar with the matter expressed worry that the falling missile supplies could limit the U.S. ability to deter adversaries, including Russia and China. 但随着战争的拖延，三位知情人士表示担忧，称导弹库存的下降可能会限制美国威慑包括俄罗斯和中国在内的对手的能力。

A fourth person familiar with the matter said that while Central Command — which oversees U.S. forces in the Middle East — has nearly used up the land-based missiles it had before the war began, it has been able to reload from U.S. military supplies elsewhere in the world. 第四位知情人士表示，尽管负责中东地区美军的中央司令部几乎耗尽了战前拥有的陆基导弹，但它已能够从世界其他地区的美军库存中进行补充。

The sources interviewed for this story spoke on the condition of anonymity. 接受本文采访的消息人士均要求匿名。

Asked for comment on the stockpile data, the White House issued a statement from Trump, saying the U.S. had “far more munitions than anyone in the world” and “far more than we need.” 当被问及对库存数据的评论时，白宫发布了一份特朗普的声明，称美国拥有的弹药“远超世界上任何国家”，且“远超我们所需”。

“Our defense companies are, at this moment, making more munitions than they have ever made before, in addition to expanding their plants and equipment at record levels,” Trump said. 特朗普表示：“我们的国防公司目前生产的弹药量比以往任何时候都多，此外还在以创纪录的水平扩建工厂和设备。”

Analysts agree that certain munitions, including artillery shells and several types of missiles, are being produced at record levels but caution that supplies might fall short of what is needed for a prolonged war. 分析人士认同包括炮弹和多种导弹在内的某些弹药产量确实达到了创纪录水平，但他们警告称，这些供应可能仍不足以应对一场长期战争。

Responding to a request for comment, chief Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell said: “America’s military is the most powerful in the world and has everything it needs to execute at the time and place of the President’s choosing. We have executed multiple successful operations across combatant commands while ensuring the U.S. military possesses a deep arsenal of capabilities to protect our people and our interests.” 五角大楼首席发言人肖恩·帕内尔在回应置评请求时表示：“美国军队是世界上最强大的军队，拥有在总统选择的时间和地点执行任务所需的一切。我们在各作战司令部执行了多次成功的行动，同时确保美军拥有深厚的武库能力来保护我们的人民和利益。”

The supply figures have circulated inside the federal government over the last week during tense conversations inside the Trump administration about how much longer the U.S. can continue striking Iran without drawing down the stockpile to levels that would limit the military’s ability to respond to crises elsewhere. 过去一周，这些供应数据在联邦政府内部流传，特朗普政府内部也就美国还能在不将库存降至限制其应对其他地区危机能力的情况下，继续打击伊朗多久进行了紧张的讨论。

Warnings over weapons supplies: One of the sources said the drawdown of the ATACMS and PrSM stockpiles reflected a decision by the Trump administration to avoid riskier ways of attacking Iranian targets, such as by using piloted aircraft to drop bombs. 关于武器供应的警告：其中一位消息人士称，ATACMS和PrSM库存的减少反映了特朗普政府为避免使用风险更高的攻击方式（如派遣有人驾驶飞机投弹）来打击伊朗目标所做的决定。

Because these weapons allow the military to attack targets from a distance, analysts say they would be valuable in a war against an adversary with strong air defenses, such as China. They have been used to strike targets inside Iran, according to a March report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). 由于这些武器允许军队从远距离打击目标，分析人士认为，在与拥有强大防空能力的对手（如中国）作战时，它们将极具价值。根据战略与国际研究中心（CSIS）3月份的一份报告，这些武器已被用于打击伊朗境内的目标。

According to the report, PrSM stockpiles were low to start with, since it is a relatively new munition, but the U.S. military has ordered a large number of them for 2027. The Army has said that ATACMS are being phased out and that production is shifting to the newer PrSM missiles. 报告显示，由于PrSM是一种相对较新的弹药，其库存起初就较低，但美军已为2027年订购了大量该型导弹。陆军表示，ATACMS正在逐步淘汰，生产重心正转向更新型的PrSM导弹。

Military leaders have for weeks warned the president that stockpiles of defensive weapons — including Patriot interceptors, which are effective against ballistic missiles — were dwindling, said two of the sources. Last week, several media outlets reported Trump had decided not to launch another massive offensive inside Iran in part because his military advisers had warned about the U.S. stockpile. 据其中两位消息人士称，军事领导人几周来一直警告总统，包括对弹道导弹有效的“爱国者”拦截弹在内的防御性武器库存正在减少。上周，多家媒体报道称，特朗普决定不再对伊朗发动大规模攻势，部分原因就是他的军事顾问对美军库存发出了警告。

A U.S. official disputed those accounts, saying Trump chose not to move forward with another attack because of pressure from Gulf states. 一位美国官员反驳了这些说法，称特朗普选择不再进行下一次攻击是因为受到了海湾国家的压力。

The Middle East conflict has sparked intense debate about Trump’s authority to prosecute hostilities against Iran without congressional authorization. No request for a declaration of war or an authorization to use military force has been submitted to Congress. 中东冲突引发了关于特朗普在未经国会授权的情况下对伊朗发动敌对行动的权力的激烈辩论。目前尚未有任何宣战请求或使用武力授权提交给国会。

Defensive weapon stocks are also diminished: Last week, CSIS published a report estimating that between February and July about 65% of Patriot interceptors had been expended and that the number of THAAD ballistic missile interceptors in U.S. stockpiles was at least 38% lower than at the start of the war. Patriots and THAADs are systems that detect and destroy incoming missiles and are among the most effective in the country’s arsenal. 防御性武器库存同样减少：上周，CSIS发布的一份报告估计，在2月至7月期间，约65%的“爱国者”拦截弹已被消耗，而美国库存中的“萨德”（THAAD）弹道导弹拦截弹数量比战争开始时至少减少了38%。“爱国者”和“萨德”是探测并摧毁来袭导弹的系统，也是美国武库中最有效的武器之一。