The Download: kids’ thoughts on AI, and female clones of male mice

《下载》：孩子们对人工智能的看法，以及雄性小鼠的雌性克隆体

This is today’s edition of The Download, our weekday newsletter that provides a daily dose of what’s going on in the world of technology. 这是今日份的《下载》，我们每日更新的简报，为您提供科技世界的每日动态。

How kids feel about AI, in their own words —Jen Swetzoff and Keeley McNamara, the founding editors of Anyway, an independent print magazine for tweens and teens 孩子们如何看待人工智能，用他们自己的话来说——Jen Swetzoff 和 Keeley McNamara，《Anyway》的创始编辑，这是一本面向青少年和青少年的独立印刷杂志。

When we set out to talk to kids about AI, we thought we knew what we’d hear. We expected stories about cheating, inspiring uses, and concerns like deepfakes or job destruction. But what we actually heard from kids aged 10 to 18 had tons of nuance. Many were so deeply against AI or uninterested in making it part of their lives that they didn’t want to talk about it at all. Others worried about cheating, the environmental impact, or AI’s effect on creativity and critical thinking. AI doesn’t yet seem to be something a lot of them are focused on—and they aren’t begging for it, the way they do for iPhones and Snapchat. But what surprised us most was how much young people could teach adults about AI. Meet the kids navigating an AI-filled future—and hear what they think of it. 当我们开始与孩子们谈论人工智能时，我们以为自己知道会听到什么。我们预想的是关于作弊、启发性用途，以及诸如深度伪造或失业等担忧的故事。但我们从 10 到 18 岁的孩子那里听到的内容却充满了细微差别。许多人非常抵触人工智能，或者对将其融入生活毫无兴趣，以至于他们根本不想谈论它。其他人则担心作弊、环境影响，或者人工智能对创造力和批判性思维的影响。人工智能似乎还不是他们关注的重点——他们并不像渴望 iPhone 和 Snapchat 那样渴望它。但最让我们惊讶的是，年轻人能教给成年人多少关于人工智能的知识。来认识一下这些正在驾驭充满人工智能未来的孩子们，听听他们的想法。

Scientists just created female clones of male mice 科学家首次创造出雄性小鼠的雌性克隆体

Scientists have deliberately turned male mouse embryos into females for the first time. A team based in Japan used a CRISPR-based approach to remove the Y chromosome from male cells and create female clones of male mice. The feat could change the way scientists think about reproduction, says Takashi Ishiuchi, a reproductive biologist at the University of Yamanashi, who co-led the work. “There’s a fixed concept in our scientific field that we need both females and males for reproduction,” says Ishiuchi. “I think we could change this concept.” He also hopes the technique could help rescue endangered species, particularly in cases where only a few individuals remain. Find out how it works—and what it could mean for the future of reproduction and conservation. —Jessica Hamzelou 科学家首次成功地将雄性小鼠胚胎转变为雌性。日本的一个团队使用基于 CRISPR 的方法，从雄性细胞中去除了 Y 染色体，并创造出了雄性小鼠的雌性克隆体。共同领导这项工作的山梨大学生殖生物学家石内崇（Takashi Ishiuchi）表示，这一壮举可能会改变科学家对生殖的看法。“在我们的科学领域，有一个固定的概念，即我们需要雌性和雄性才能进行繁殖，”石内说。“我认为我们可以改变这个概念。”他还希望这项技术能有助于拯救濒危物种，特别是在仅存少数个体的情况下。了解它是如何运作的，以及它对生殖和保护的未来意味着什么。——Jessica Hamzelou

What’s behind this summer’s heat, and why 2027 could be worse 今夏高温背后的原因，以及为什么 2027 年可能会更糟

This summer has been a scorcher for much of the Northern Hemisphere. June and July marked the hottest two-month stretch in Europe since record-keeping began, the contiguous US endured its hottest month on record in July, and South Korea saw its highest-ever recorded temperature. Climate change makes heat waves more likely and more intense. But there’s another factor at play: El Niño, which is already ramping up and is expected to have a bigger effect on global temperatures next year. Here’s what’s behind this summer’s extreme heat—and why 2027 could be even hotter. —Casey Crownhart 今年夏天，北半球大部分地区酷热难耐。6 月和 7 月是欧洲有记录以来最热的两个月，美国本土经历了有记录以来最热的 7 月，韩国也出现了有记录以来的最高气温。气候变化使得热浪发生的可能性更高、强度更大。但还有一个因素在起作用：厄尔尼诺现象，它已经在加剧，预计明年将对全球气温产生更大的影响。以下是今夏极端高温背后的原因，以及为什么 2027 年可能会更热。——Casey Crownhart

Inside the “censorship-industrial complex” idea shaping US policy 深入了解正在塑造美国政策的“审查-工业复合体”理念

For years, the idea of a “censorship-industrial complex” that suppressed conservative and populist speech spread in right-wing circles online. But now, the theory has made its way into the Trump administration. Over the past nine months, MIT Technology Review investigated its origins and traced its rise. In a virtual Roundtables session today, senior reporter Eileen Guo and executive editor Amy Nordrum will explore what they discovered, where the theory is going, and what it could mean for the future of democracy and the internet. 多年来，“审查-工业复合体”这一压制保守派和民粹主义言论的理念在网络右翼圈子中流传。但现在，这一理论已经进入了特朗普政府。在过去的九个月里，《麻省理工科技评论》调查了它的起源并追踪了它的兴起。在今天的一场虚拟圆桌会议上，资深记者 Eileen Guo 和执行编辑 Amy Nordrum 将探讨他们的发现、该理论的走向，以及它对民主和互联网的未来可能意味着什么。

The must-reads / 必读内容

Trump has authorized businesses to conduct cyberattacks on criminals 特朗普授权企业对犯罪分子进行网络攻击
Chinese censorship is leaking into answers from American AI 中国的审查制度正在渗透到美国人工智能的回答中
Twitch is mining people’s streams to train Amazon’s AI Twitch 正在挖掘用户的直播流以训练亚马逊的人工智能
Trump has been sued over a service selling faster access to his social posts 特朗普因出售其社交媒体帖子快速访问权限的服务而被起诉
Police officers are using Flock cameras to stalk people 警察正在使用 Flock 摄像头跟踪民众
AI reporters are now breaking big news 人工智能记者现在开始发布重大新闻
The web’s newest weapon against AI scrapers is a font 网络对抗人工智能抓取工具的最新武器是一种字体
Live streaming has turned us all into Perez Hilton 直播让我们都变成了 Perez Hilton（八卦博主）
A fossil discovery suggests live birth emerged far earlier than thought 一项化石发现表明，胎生出现的时间比想象中早得多
Scientific progress may not be slowing after all 科学进步可能并没有放缓

Quote of the day / 今日名言

“Trump is trying to enrich himself by privatizing government information that he has no right to sell. We won’t let it stand.” —Ben Muessig, editor-in-chief of The Intercept “特朗普正试图通过私有化他无权出售的政府信息来中饱私囊。我们绝不会坐视不管。”——Ben Muessig，《The Intercept》主编