Position: Current Model Cards Are Insufficient for Downstream Governance of Open-Weight Foundation Models

立场：现有的模型卡不足以支撑开放权重基础模型的下游治理

The growth of open-weight foundation models (OWFMs) has prompted the AI community to re-evaluate strategies for effective downstream governance. Although model cards have been widely adopted as transparency artifacts in model repositories, existing frameworks often fail to adequately inform downstream developers and users about the distinct safety challenges posed by OWFMs. 开放权重基础模型（OWFMs）的增长促使人工智能社区重新评估有效的下游治理策略。尽管模型卡已被广泛采用作为模型仓库中的透明度工具，但现有框架往往无法充分告知下游开发者和用户关于 OWFMs 所带来的独特安全挑战。

This position paper analyzes 500 model cards hosted on Hugging Face and argues that effective governance of OWFMs requires a multi-layered approach integrating three complementary components: (i) model cards, (ii) acceptable use policies (AUPs), and (iii) licenses. 本立场论文分析了托管在 Hugging Face 上的 500 份模型卡，并指出对 OWFMs 的有效治理需要一种多层面的方法，整合三个互补的组成部分：(i) 模型卡，(ii) 可接受使用政策 (AUPs)，以及 (iii) 许可协议。

To motivate this claim, we identify a safety gap left by existing regulatory approaches, including model heritage, alignment provenance, and empirically observed behaviors, through an analysis of model cards with safety-critical information. We further argue that standard open-source licenses (OSLs) are not well suited for OWFMs and may weaken the enforceability of AUPs. 为了支持这一主张，我们通过分析包含安全关键信息的模型卡，识别出现有监管方法（包括模型传承、对齐溯源以及经验观察到的行为）所留下的安全缺口。我们进一步认为，标准的开源许可协议 (OSLs) 并不完全适用于 OWFMs，且可能会削弱 AUPs 的可执行性。

Building on these observations, we outline directions for evolving model cards, AUPs, and licenses into integrated safety artifacts to enable a more comprehensive governance framework that coherently integrates informational, normative, and legal dimensions. 基于这些观察，我们概述了将模型卡、AUPs 和许可协议演变为集成安全工具的方向，旨在构建一个更全面的治理框架，从而连贯地整合信息、规范和法律维度。