Here’s what we know about the “space academy” Trump just announced

关于特朗普刚刚宣布的“太空学院”，我们目前了解到的情况

During a visit to Johnson Space Center, President Trump on Friday signed an executive order to establish a new commission with the purpose of creating the first national space academy. 周五，特朗普总统在访问约翰逊航天中心期间签署了一项行政命令，旨在成立一个新的委员会，其目标是创建首个国家级太空学院。

“It’s clear that we will need to educate and train an entire generation of skilled service members, engineers, and civil operators, and everything else to do what we have to do,” Trump said. “I will sign an executive order to begin the process of creating a new national academy. It’s called the US Space Academy. That’s a big deal.” “很明显，我们需要教育和培训整整一代技术娴熟的服务人员、工程师、民用操作员以及其他所有必要的人才，以完成我们必须做的事情，”特朗普说道。“我将签署一项行政命令，启动创建一所新国家学院的进程。它被称为美国太空学院。这是一件大事。”

The proposed United States Space Academy would fall under the jurisdiction of NASA, and according to US space officials, is not intended be a traditional service academy in the sense that it educates and trains officers for the armed services, such as the Air Force Academy. 拟议中的美国太空学院将隶属于美国国家航空航天局（NASA）管辖。据美国太空官员称，它并不打算成为像空军学院那样为武装部队培养军官的传统军校。

Trump signed the executive order as part of a ceremony in Houston during which he awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor to the four astronauts who flew on Artemis II earlier this year. 特朗普是在休斯顿举行的一场仪式上签署该行政命令的，仪式期间，他向今年早些时候执行“阿尔忒弥斯2号”（Artemis II）任务的四名宇航员颁发了国会太空荣誉勋章。

Seeking to modernize NASA

寻求实现 NASA 的现代化

This initiative is being spearheaded by NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman, who included the development of an “academy” to seed the future NASA workforce as part of his Project Athena plan to revamp US civil space efforts. 这一倡议由 NASA 局长贾里德·艾萨克曼（Jared Isaacman）牵头。作为其旨在重振美国民用太空事业的“雅典娜计划”（Project Athena）的一部分，他将开发一所“学院”以培育未来的 NASA 劳动力纳入了规划。

The goal is to create a top-tier educational institution with free tuition and, in return, graduating students to fulfill a service commitment of several years. Graduates will have the choice of going into the US Space Force, but the majority of slots will be allocated to NASA and civilian positions, according to people familiar with the project. 其目标是建立一所免学费的顶级教育机构，作为回报，毕业生需履行几年的服务承诺。据知情人士透露，毕业生可以选择进入美国太空军，但大部分名额将分配给 NASA 和民用职位。

Isaacman has been seeking to modernize NASA and help the space agency find its way at a time when the US commercial space industry is taking an increased role in the types of activities—launch, crewed spaceflight, space stations, lunar activities—that were once the sole province of the space agency. 艾萨克曼一直致力于推动 NASA 的现代化，并帮助该机构在当前形势下找到定位。如今，美国商业航天工业在发射、载人航天、空间站和月球活动等曾经仅由 NASA 负责的领域中，正发挥着越来越大的作用。

Isaacman has sought to increasingly lean on the commercial industry where it is excelling and focus NASA resources on cutting-edge initiatives, like developing a base on the surface of the Moon. 艾萨克曼寻求在商业航天表现出色的领域更多地依赖该行业，并将 NASA 的资源集中在尖端项目上，例如开发月球表面基地。

The academy idea remains in its formative stages but is likely to include curricula that cover human and non-human spaceflight operations, ground control operations, space vehicle design, orbital debris mitigation, and related disciplines. 学院的构想仍处于形成阶段，但很可能包含涵盖载人与无人航天操作、地面控制操作、航天器设计、轨道碎片减缓及相关学科的课程。

The goal is to create a new generation of technical leaders who can support ongoing exploration efforts, both in commercial spaceflight and in ensuring that the US government maintains a global lead in doing hard things in space. 其目标是培养新一代技术领袖，以支持持续的探索工作，既包括商业航天领域，也包括确保美国政府在太空高难度任务中保持全球领先地位。

This would be an entirely new academy, perhaps similar in design to the US Merchant Marine Academy, which is based in Kings Point, New York. Students would apply after high school for admission and be taught by leaders in both the civil and commercial spaces. Students would earn a four-year degree. 这将是一所全新的学院，其设计可能类似于位于纽约州金斯波特的美国商船学院。学生在高中毕业后申请入学，并将由民用和商业航天领域的领军人物授课。学生将获得四年制学位。

No location has been chosen for the academy, but it may be near existing NASA facilities or workforce expertise. “I’m going to be choosing a location very shortly,” Trump said Friday. 目前尚未选定学院的地点，但它可能会靠近现有的 NASA 设施或人才聚集地。“我很快就会选定一个地点，”特朗普周五表示。

Blurring lines between military and civil space?

模糊军事与民用太空的界限？

A former deputy administrator of NASA, Lori Garver, said the idea of creating a space academy could be helpful for the US space program and its future workforce, but she cautioned that not enough is yet known about the details. 前 NASA 副局长洛里·加弗（Lori Garver）表示，创建太空学院的想法可能对美国太空计划及其未来劳动力有所帮助，但她提醒说，目前对细节的了解还不够充分。

Her biggest concern is that creating an academy modeled after the military service academies would conflate what NASA does—the peaceful, civil exploration of space—with military activities undertaken by the US Space Force. 她最大的担忧是，建立一所仿照军事院校模式的学院，会将 NASA 的工作——即和平、民用的太空探索——与美国太空军承担的军事活动混为一谈。

“NASA’s charter and legal foundation calls for a civilian agency separate from the military,” Garver said. “Structuring a feeder college along the lines of a military academy strikes me as ill-conceived.” “NASA 的章程和法律基础要求其作为一个独立于军队的民用机构存在，”加弗说。“按照军校模式来构建一所人才输送学院，在我看来是不成熟的构想。”

Garver served under President Obama at NASA about a decade ago. Since then, she has been involved in the creation of several fellowship programs to funnel more women and minorities into aerospace engineering. She said NASA has not historically had difficulty attracting young talent into the space program, even if there is not as much upside in pay as there can be in the private sector. 加弗大约十年前曾在奥巴马总统任期内效力于 NASA。此后，她参与创建了多个奖学金项目，旨在将更多的女性和少数族裔引入航空航天工程领域。她表示，从历史上看，NASA 在吸引年轻人才加入太空计划方面并不困难，即使其薪酬待遇不如私营部门那样具有吸引力。

Traditionally, NASA has had close ties to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Purdue University, and other institutions that have long fed talent into the space agency. 传统上，NASA 与麻省理工学院、普渡大学以及其他长期为该机构输送人才的院校保持着密切联系。

Trump did not seek to dispel concerns along these lines during his remarks. “So you think of West Point, and you think of Annapolis, and you think of the Air Force Academy, and you think of the Coast Guard Academy,” Trump said after announcing the Space Academy. “They’re all great, but we’re going to have now the Space Force.” 特朗普在讲话中并未试图消除这些方面的担忧。“想想西点军校，想想安纳波利斯（海军学院），想想空军学院，再想想海岸警卫队学院，”特朗普在宣布太空学院后说道。“它们都很棒，但现在我们还要有太空军。”