EV batteries last longer than drivers feared
EV batteries last longer than drivers feared
电动汽车电池寿命远超驾驶者预期
Electric vehicle batteries are lasting longer than previously feared by drivers, with most used EVs able to retain about 90 percent of their original usable battery capacity after 150,000 kilometers, a new study has shown. 一项最新研究显示，电动汽车电池的寿命比驾驶者此前担心的要长得多。大多数二手电动汽车在行驶 15 万公里后，仍能保持约 90% 的原始可用电池容量。
Despite a surge in global EV sales on the back of rising fuel prices, long-term battery durability continues to be one of the key concerns for drivers when they consider switching from a petrol model to an electric car. 尽管受燃油价格上涨推动，全球电动汽车销量激增，但当驾驶者考虑从燃油车转向电动汽车时，电池的长期耐用性仍然是他们最关心的核心问题之一。
EV battery warranties typically cover eight years or 100,000 miles (160,000 km) with car manufacturers required under the warranty to provide a replacement battery if capacity falls below 70 percent. 电动汽车电池保修期通常为 8 年或 10 万英里（16 万公里）。根据保修条款，如果电池容量降至 70% 以下，汽车制造商必须提供更换电池服务。
According to the latest study published by Aviloo, an Austria-based group that analyzes battery health, the median state of health (SoH)—which represents the remaining percentage of a battery’s original usable capacity—for 20 popular EV models stood between 87 percent and 94 percent after 150,000 km. The median SoH was between 91 and 97 percent after 50,000 km, and 88 and 95 percent after 100,000 km. 根据总部位于奥地利的电池健康分析机构 Aviloo 发布的一项最新研究，20 款热门电动车型在行驶 15 万公里后的电池健康状态（SoH，即电池原始可用容量的剩余百分比）中位数在 87% 到 94% 之间。行驶 5 万公里后的 SoH 中位数为 91% 至 97%，行驶 10 万公里后则为 88% 至 95%。
The study was based on more than 500,000 tests Aviloo carried out globally on the 20 EV models including Tesla’s Model Y and Volkswagen’s ID.4 between 2022 and 2026. 该研究基于 Aviloo 在 2022 年至 2026 年间在全球范围内对包括特斯拉 Model Y 和大众 ID.4 在内的 20 款电动车型进行的超过 50 万次测试。
The Aviloo study, which did not include Chinese models due to lack of data, also showed that the speed of battery degradation varied significantly even within the same EV model depending on climate conditions, battery size, and driver habits, such as parking. 由于缺乏数据，Aviloo 的这项研究未包含中国车型。研究还显示，即使是同一款电动车型，电池衰减速度也会因气候条件、电池容量以及停车习惯等驾驶行为的不同而产生显著差异。
“In contrast to a combustion engine car, where age and mileage would more or less carry the value of the car and technical condition, that’s not the case for an EV,” said Marcus Berger, chief executive of Aviloo. “The car might look the same—same age, same mileage—and you don’t know how it has been treated.” “与内燃机汽车不同，后者的车龄和里程数在很大程度上决定了车辆的价值和技术状况，但电动汽车并非如此，”Aviloo 首席执行官马库斯·伯格（Marcus Berger）表示，“两辆车看起来可能一模一样——车龄相同、里程数相同——但你无法得知它们此前是如何被使用的。”
For Nissan’s Leaf ZE1 model, which requires more frequent charging to cover the same distance than other EV models due to the smaller size of its battery, the median SoH at 150,000 km varied by as much as 13.5 percentage points—equivalent to about 29 km of real-world range per charge and the largest spread among the 20 EV models covered by the study. 以日产 Leaf ZE1 车型为例，由于电池容量较小，该车型在行驶相同距离时需要更频繁地充电。其在 15 万公里时的 SoH 中位数差异高达 13.5 个百分点，相当于单次充电后的实际续航里程相差约 29 公里，这是研究涵盖的 20 款车型中差异最大的。
Aviloo said the spread between the individual cars could vary by up to 11 percentage points for Tesla’s Model Y, 11 and 12 points for VW’s ID.4, and more than 12 points for Hyundai’s Ioniq 5. Aviloo 指出，特斯拉 Model Y 的个体车辆间差异最高可达 11 个百分点，大众 ID.4 为 11 到 12 个百分点，现代 Ioniq 5 则超过 12 个百分点。
Berger said batteries of EVs in hotter climates degraded faster, while another key factor was how much the batteries were charged when the EVs were parked. “What very few consumers know is: don’t park your cars with 100, 90, or 80 percent state of charge. It’s just harming the battery,” he said, adding that the ideal level was between 30 and 70 percent. 伯格表示，在气候较热地区，电动汽车电池衰减更快。另一个关键因素是车辆停放时的充电水平。“很少有消费者知道：不要在电量为 100%、90% 或 80% 时停放车辆。这只会损害电池，”他说道，并补充称理想的电量水平应在 30% 到 70% 之间。
Aviloo’s study came as three of the UK’s largest EV organizations recently called on the government to introduce mandatory battery health certifications to boost confidence for buyers and reward owners who have properly maintained their vehicles. Aviloo 的这项研究发布之际，英国三家最大的电动汽车组织近期呼吁政府引入强制性的电池健康认证，以增强买家信心，并奖励那些妥善维护车辆的车主。
“We see the customer demand for confidence in battery health,” said James Strong, used-car sales and delivery manager at Tesla UK, adding that “a nationally recognized battery state of health standards” would strengthen confidence in the used EV market and improve transparency for consumers. “我们看到了客户对电池健康状况的信心需求，”特斯拉英国二手车销售与交付经理詹姆斯·斯特朗（James Strong）表示。他补充说，“国家认可的电池健康标准”将增强二手电动汽车市场的信心，并提高消费者的透明度。