Population-level measures of perceived food access reveal barriers beyond geographic proximity

基于群体感知的食品获取度量揭示了地理距离之外的障碍

Abstract: Food access is multidimensional, but population-level measurement still relies heavily on geography because perceived dimensions of access are difficult to measure at scale. Here, we use 25,125 Google Maps reviews from 49 grocery stores in Raleigh, North Carolina, to measure five dimensions of food access: availability, accessibility, affordability, accommodation, and acceptability.

摘要： 食品获取是一个多维度的概念，但目前的群体层面测量仍过度依赖地理位置，因为感知的获取维度难以大规模衡量。在此项研究中，我们使用了北卡罗来纳州罗利市 49 家杂货店的 25,125 条谷歌地图评论，以衡量食品获取的五个维度：可用性（availability）、可及性（accessibility）、可负担性（affordability）、便利性（accommodation）和可接受性（acceptability）。

We identify review topics with unsupervised topic modeling and assign them to access dimensions using zero-shot classification, with 85.4% agreement against manual coding. The resulting store-level measures capture distinct aspects of food access and reveal barriers that geographic proximity alone does not capture.

我们通过无监督主题建模识别评论主题，并利用零样本分类（zero-shot classification）将其分配到各个获取维度，该方法与人工编码的一致性达到 85.4%。由此得出的门店级度量指标捕捉到了食品获取的不同侧面，并揭示了仅靠地理距离无法反映的障碍。

Comparisons between nearby stores in the same chain further show that identical store policies can be perceived very differently across locations, consistent with food access reflecting the fit between residents and their food environment. Perceived food access also follows systematic socioeconomic and demographic patterns that broadly parallel, but do not replicate, those observed for geographic access.

对同一连锁店下邻近门店的比较进一步表明，相同的门店政策在不同地点可能会产生截然不同的感知，这与“食品获取反映了居民与其食品环境之间匹配度”的观点相一致。感知的食品获取度也遵循系统性的社会经济和人口统计模式，这些模式与地理获取度观察到的模式大致平行，但并不完全重合。

These results show that online grocery reviews can provide a scalable complement to geographic measures of food access.

这些结果表明，在线杂货店评论可以作为地理食品获取度量的一种可扩展的补充手段。