Iran school bombing: grounds to believe US was behind atrocity, UN finds
Iran school bombing: grounds to believe US was behind atrocity, UN finds
伊朗学校遭轰炸：联合国调查发现有理由相信美国是幕后黑手
A man who lost his son in the school strike in February at the site of the atrocity in Minab, Iran, in August. Photograph: Majid Asgaripour/Reuters 今年8月，一名在2月份学校空袭中失去儿子的男子站在伊朗米纳布（Minab）的袭击现场。图片来源：Majid Asgaripour/路透社
A UN fact-finding mission has determined there are reasonable grounds to believe the US was behind military strikes on a school and a sports facility in Iran in February that killed 120 children, and that these constituted war crimes. 联合国一个实况调查团已确定，有合理理由相信美国是2月份伊朗一所学校和一个体育设施遭军事打击的幕后黑手，该事件造成120名儿童死亡，并构成了战争罪。
The school strike, which killed 156 civilians including 120 children, involved a US Tomahawk missile that collapsed the roof of the Shajareh Tayyebeh primary school, which the UN said was “clearly identifiable”, in Minab, Hormozgan province, on 28 February. 2月28日，一枚美国“战斧”导弹击中了霍尔木兹甘省米纳布的沙贾雷·塔耶贝（Shajareh Tayyebeh）小学，导致屋顶坍塌。此次学校空袭共造成156名平民死亡，其中包括120名儿童。联合国表示，该学校当时“清晰可辨”。
The Pentagon’s own secretive investigation into the incident is understood to have concluded several months ago. There have been reports that senior US commanders had been warned that targeting data used during the war – including for the Minab strike – was dangerously outdated. 据了解，五角大楼针对该事件的秘密调查已于数月前结束。有报道称，美国高级指挥官曾收到警告，称战争期间使用的目标数据（包括针对米纳布袭击的数据）已严重过时，存在危险。
The second cited strike, on the same date, targeted a “clearly identifiable sports complex and residential area” in the southern city of Lamerd with a weapon that scattered tungsten pellets. 同日发生的另一起袭击，目标是南部城市拉梅尔德（Lamerd）一个“清晰可辨的体育综合体和住宅区”，袭击使用了会散布钨弹丸的武器。
The UN fact-finding team said in a statement: “Following the United States and Israeli attacks on 28 February, the mission found reasonable grounds to believe the United States committed the war crime of launching indiscriminate attacks resulting in the loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects.” 联合国实况调查组在一份声明中表示：“在2月28日美国和以色列发动袭击后，调查团发现有合理理由相信，美国犯下了发动无差别攻击的战争罪，导致平民伤亡或民用设施受损。”
The mission also found Iranian authorities had committed crimes against humanity during their deadly crackdown on anti-government protests. 调查团还发现，伊朗当局在镇压反政府抗议活动的致命行动中犯下了危害人类罪。
The findings by the independent international fact-finding mission on Iran, to be submitted to the UN human rights council in Geneva, examined the US’s conduct during the Iran war that began in February and the Iranian government’s response to nationwide unrest that began in late December. 这份由独立的伊朗国际实况调查团提交至日内瓦联合国人权理事会的调查结果，审查了美国在2月份开始的伊朗战争期间的行为，以及伊朗政府对去年12月下旬开始的全国性动荡的应对措施。
US officials have previously said military operations are conducted in accordance with the law of armed conflict, while Iran has consistently rejected allegations of systematic rights violations. 美国官员此前曾表示，其军事行动是根据武装冲突法进行的，而伊朗则一贯否认有关系统性侵犯人权的指控。
The UN mission concluded that the strike on Shajareh Tayyebeh primary school constituted an indiscriminate attack causing civilian deaths and damage to civilian infrastructure, amounting to a war crime under international law. 联合国调查团得出结论，对沙贾雷·塔耶贝小学的袭击构成了无差别攻击，造成了平民死亡和民用基础设施损毁，根据国际法，这构成了战争罪。
According to the report, the US relied on intelligence suggesting a senior Iranian military commander was present at the site but failed to adequately verify the information before launching the strike. 报告称，美国依赖的情报显示一名伊朗高级军事指挥官当时在现场，但在发动袭击前未能充分核实该信息。
Investigators said the failure to update targeting intelligence and confirm the building was a military objective amounted to more than mere negligence. “Rather, the US directed the strikes at the building of the school while being aware of a substantial risk of striking a civilian object and acting recklessly as regards the possibility that this would happen.” 调查人员表示，未能更新目标情报并确认该建筑是否为军事目标，其性质已不仅仅是疏忽。“相反，美国在明知有击中民用目标的重大风险的情况下，仍对该校舍发动了袭击，这种行为对于可能发生的后果表现得极其鲁莽。”
In June the US president, Donald Trump, said “nobody” had purposely attacked a girls’ school in Iran in February, citing an investigation into the incident. The Pentagon has since elevated the inquiry, but it has not published any preliminary findings. 今年6月，美国总统唐纳德·特朗普援引一项针对该事件的调查称，2月份“没有人”故意袭击伊朗的一所女子学校。此后，五角大楼提升了调查级别，但尚未公布任何初步调查结果。
UN experts said the school was a clearly identifiable civilian object and found no evidence it was being used for military purposes. 联合国专家表示，该学校是一个清晰可辨的民用目标，且未发现任何证据表明其被用于军事目的。
The experts reached a similar conclusion over the strike on the sports centre in Lamerd. The report said the attack had damaged nearby residential buildings and a school and killed and injured 22 civilians. It concluded that the strike had been indiscriminate and therefore constituted a war crime. 专家们对拉梅尔德体育中心的袭击也得出了类似的结论。报告称，该袭击损坏了附近的住宅楼和一所学校，造成22名平民伤亡。结论认为，此次袭击是无差别的，因此构成了战争罪。
US Central Command said in a statement in March that US forces had not launched any strikes into the city of Lamerd on that day. 美国中央司令部在3月份的一份声明中表示，美军当天并未对拉梅尔德市发动任何袭击。
The UN mission also found that the Iranian authorities had carried out a widespread and systematic attack against civilians during protests that erupted in late December last year, involving unlawful killings, torture, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances and severe restrictions on freedom of expression. 联合国调查团还发现，伊朗当局在去年12月下旬爆发的抗议活动中，对平民进行了广泛且系统的攻击，涉及非法杀戮、酷刑、任意拘留、强迫失踪以及对言论自由的严重限制。
Rights groups say bystanders were among those killed during the biggest crackdown since Shia Muslim clerics took power in the 1979 revolution. Tehran blamed “terrorists and rioters” backed by exiled opponents and the US and Israel. 人权组织表示，自1979年革命什叶派穆斯林神职人员掌权以来，这是规模最大的一次镇压行动，遇难者中包括旁观者。德黑兰方面则将责任归咎于由流亡反对派以及美国和以色列支持的“恐怖分子和暴徒”。
The investigation said it could not independently verify the death toll, but that it believed the number of dead and injured was probably far higher than official figures, which say 3,038 people were killed and 25,000 people injured. 调查报告称，无法独立核实死亡人数，但认为死伤人数可能远高于官方公布的3038人死亡、25000人受伤的数据。
The government’s response to the protests, including violence and killings, cutting off the internet and use of the death penalty, marked a significant escalation from previous patterns of suppressing dissent, the report said. 报告指出，政府对抗议活动的反应，包括暴力和杀戮、切断互联网以及使用死刑，标志着其镇压异见的方式较以往有了显著升级。