OpenAI GPT–6 Astra breaks Enigma message that has resisted solution since 2005

OpenAI GPT–6 Astra 破解了自 2005 年以来一直未被破译的恩尼格玛（Enigma）加密信息

OpenAI GPT–6 Astra breaking an Enigma message that has resisted solution since 2005. On 15 September 2026, Carter Leffer contacted me to request validation of a break of the German Army Enigma message MVUEH of 10 July 1941. The message, which was sent by a radio station with the tactical callsign 2ny, was received by the radio station of the SS-Totenkopf Quartiermeister, Ib. Ib received the message at 17:30 on 10 July 1941 and logged the message as Nr. 172 in its log of incoming messages for July 1941. Since 2005, the message has resisted all attempts to break it. OpenAI GPT–6 Astra 破解了一条自 2005 年以来一直未被破译的恩尼格玛加密信息。2026 年 9 月 15 日，Carter Leffer 联系我，请求验证他对 1941 年 7 月 10 日德国陆军恩尼格玛加密信息“MVUEH”的破解结果。该信息由战术呼号为“2ny”的电台发送，并由党卫军“骷髅”师（SS-Totenkopf）军需官（Ib）的电台接收。Ib 于 1941 年 7 月 10 日 17:30 收到该信息，并将其记录在 1941 年 7 月的入站信息日志中，编号为 172。自 2005 年以来，该信息抵御了所有破解尝试。

On 9 June 2017, Alex Shovkoplyas succeeded in breaking another unbroken message from this day, Nr. 173, SIPVX. However, the Enigma key he recovered for the message differed slightly from the daily Enigma key for 10 July 1941 used for all other messages from this day. The SIPVX key used the same wheel order, 512, as the daily key, but the plug connections (Stecker) and ring setting (Ringstellung) differed. However, the new key did not allow us to break the MVUEH message. After Carter Leffer sent the MVUEH break details, it was immediately clear he had found the correct key and plaintext. 2017 年 6 月 9 日，Alex Shovkoplyas 成功破解了当天另一条未破译的信息——编号 173 的“SIPVX”。然而，他为该信息恢复的恩尼格玛密钥与 1941 年 7 月 10 日当天用于其他所有信息的日常密钥略有不同。SIPVX 密钥使用了与日常密钥相同的转子顺序（512），但插线板连接（Stecker）和环设置（Ringstellung）不同。尽管如此，这个新密钥仍无法破解 MVUEH 信息。在 Carter Leffer 发送了 MVUEH 的破解细节后，很明显他已经找到了正确的密钥和明文。

The MVUEH key turns out to be completely different from the other keys from 10 July 1941; even the wheel order differs: 253 instead of 512 for the other two keys. More surprising is that the plaintext is almost identical to the plaintext for message Nr. 173, SIPVX. The two messages differ in length by twelve letters. MVUEH is 82 letters long, while SIPVX has 94 letters. This difference is due to a mistake when enciphering the word Bitte in MVUEH, which resulted in Btte, and to the sender’s signature, Waschbusch, being repeated in the SIPVX message. 事实证明，MVUEH 的密钥与 1941 年 7 月 10 日的其他密钥完全不同；甚至转子顺序也不同：其他两条信息使用的是 512，而它是 253。更令人惊讶的是，其明文与 173 号信息 SIPVX 的明文几乎完全相同。两条信息的长度相差 12 个字母。MVUEH 长 82 个字母，而 SIPVX 长 94 个字母。这种差异是由于在 MVUEH 中加密单词“Bitte”时出现错误（导致变成了“Btte”），以及发送者签名“Waschbusch”在 SIPVX 信息中被重复所致。

An analysis of the break revealed that the transcription of the MVUEH ciphertext from the original message form contained several errors, and the break revealed that the Enigma’s left-hand wheel makes a turnover at the 72nd letter. A turnover of the Enigma’s left-hand wheel, which rarely occurs, is known to complicate a break. These factors may have prevented an earlier break. However, the most astonishing thing about this break is that the GPT–6 Astra did it entirely on its own. 对破解过程的分析显示，从原始信息表单转录的 MVUEH 密文包含多处错误，且破解结果揭示了恩尼格玛机的左侧转子在第 72 个字母处发生了进位（turnover）。恩尼格玛机左侧转子的进位很少发生，众所周知这会增加破解难度。这些因素可能阻碍了更早的破解。然而，这次破解最令人震惊的是，GPT–6 Astra 完全是独立完成的。

Carter Leffer only directed GPT–6 Astra to see if it could break any of the unbroken Enigma messages published on the Crypto Cellar Research web page. After analysing the unbroken messages on the website, it decided that the most promising message was Nr. 172, MVUEH and it also quickly suspected that the plaintext of Nr. 173, SIPVX, might be related to the plaintext of the unbroken MVUEH message. After trying many different approaches, GPT–6 Astra focused on using the repeated place name ROSENOW ROSENOW as a crib. After developing the necessary Python and C++ software for an Enigma simulator and an Enigma Bombe, GPT–6 Astra started a thorough break with the ROSENOW crib, which in the end resulted in the correct key and plaintext for the MVUEH message being found. Carter Leffer 只是指示 GPT–6 Astra 查看它是否能破解“Crypto Cellar Research”网页上发布的任何未破译恩尼格玛信息。在分析了网站上的未破译信息后，它认为最有希望的是 172 号信息 MVUEH，并迅速怀疑 173 号信息 SIPVX 的明文可能与未破译的 MVUEH 明文有关。在尝试了多种方法后，GPT–6 Astra 专注于使用重复的地名“ROSENOW ROSENOW”作为窃听线索（crib）。在开发了必要的 Python 和 C++ 软件用于恩尼格玛模拟器和恩尼格玛炸弹机（Bombe）后，GPT–6 Astra 使用 ROSENOW 线索进行了彻底的破解，最终成功找到了 MVUEH 信息的正确密钥和明文。

We are still analysing the GPT–6 Astra logs to see exactly how it executed the break. And we are discovering amazing details. In July 2026, I made the following announcement on the webpage with the 1941 Message List: Note: In July 2026, research in the German Bundesarchiv revealed several collections of radio messages, both enciphered and in cleartext. One of these message collections was from SS-Totenkopf Division’s logistics command, Nachschubführer. Many of these messages were sent to the Ib (Quartiermeister) radio station and are identical to those in this list. Others are new, but most likely related. These new messages are added to the 1941 Message List in bold, with the indicator NF (Nachschubführer) after the message number, indicating that these message numbers belong to the NF numbering. All NF messages are outgoing; hence, the message numbers are in blue. 我们仍在分析 GPT–6 Astra 的日志，以确切了解它是如何执行破解的，并正在发现一些惊人的细节。2026 年 7 月，我在 1941 年信息列表的网页上发布了以下公告：注：2026 年 7 月，对德国联邦档案馆（Bundesarchiv）的研究揭示了多份无线电信息集，包括加密和明文信息。其中一份信息集来自党卫军“骷髅”师的后勤指挥部（Nachschubführer）。这些信息中有许多是发送给 Ib（军需官）电台的，与此列表中的信息相同。其他则是新的，但很可能相关。这些新信息以粗体添加到 1941 年信息列表中，并在编号后带有 NF（Nachschubführer）标识，表明这些编号属于 NF 编号系统。所有 NF 信息均为外发信息，因此编号显示为蓝色。

It appears that GPT–6 Astra discovered this note about the collections of radio messages at the German Bundesarchiv, because in one of the logs we find the following: Original-source access lead. The completed evidence pass traced the received corpus to a private collection and found concrete Bundesarchiv radio-message volumes, including RS 3–3/20a and RS 3–3/63b. Catalogue records have been inspected; the original received no.172 image remains unlocated, and the available archive viewer has not yet exposed the relevant scans in this environment. No correspondence has been sent. 看来 GPT–6 Astra 发现了关于德国联邦档案馆无线电信息集的这条注释，因为在其中一份日志中我们发现了以下内容：原始来源访问线索。完成的证据检索将接收到的语料库追溯到一个私人收藏，并找到了具体的联邦档案馆无线电信息卷，包括 RS 3–3/20a 和 RS 3–3/63b。目录记录已检查；原始的 172 号接收图像仍未找到，现有的档案查看器尚未在此环境中公开相关扫描件。未发送任何信函。

The file references GPT–6 Astra mentions, RS 3–3/20a and RS 3–3/63b, are correct, but they are not available on the Crypto Cellar Research website. GPT–6 Astra mentions a private collection, but it is not clear what this is, whether it has succeeded in accessing the Bundesarchiv’s digitised collections or whether it has found these files elsewhere. What is clear, though, is that GPT–6 Astra is behaving like a very professional cryptanalyst and archive researcher. What it has achieved in two days would take a human researcher weeks or even months. Personally, I spent several weeks researching the Bundesarchiv files GPT–6 Astra refers to. The AI break of the Enigma message MVUEH is simply amazing, and as an old cryptanalyst, I am still in awe. GPT–6 Astra 提到的文件引用 RS 3–3/20a 和 RS 3–3/63b 是正确的，但它们在 Crypto Cellar Research 网站上并不存在。GPT–6 Astra 提到了一个私人收藏，但不清楚这是什么，也不清楚它是成功访问了联邦档案馆的数字化收藏，还是在其他地方找到了这些文件。然而显而易见的是，GPT–6 Astra 的表现就像一位非常专业的密码分析师和档案研究员。它在两天内取得的成就，人类研究员可能需要数周甚至数月才能完成。我个人花了数周时间研究 GPT–6 Astra 所引用的联邦档案馆文件。AI 对恩尼格玛信息 MVUEH 的破解简直令人惊叹，作为一名老牌密码分析师，我至今仍感到敬畏。

Updated: 19 September 2026 at 08:41 UTC 更新时间：2026 年 9 月 19 日 08:41 UTC

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