How Israeli Checkpoints Choke Palestinian Life in the Occupied West Bank

以色列检查站如何扼杀被占领约旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦人生活

In 1948, in what is known as the “Nakba” or “catastrophe,” Zionist forces expelled more than 750,000 Palestinians from their homes. Hundreds of villages were depopulated or destroyed, and people were driven into exile. Those who remained were placed under Israeli military rule for the next 18 years, forbidden to work, trade, study, or seek medical care beyond their towns without an Israeli permit.

1948年，在被称为“大灾难”（Nakba）的事件中，犹太复国主义军队将超过75万巴勒斯坦人驱逐出家园。数百个村庄人口被清空或摧毁，人们被迫流亡。留下来的人在接下来的18年里处于以色列军事统治之下，若没有以色列的许可证，他们被禁止在城镇之外工作、经商、学习或寻求医疗护理。

In 1967, when Israel seized the remaining Palestinian territories, it reconstructed the same permit system there. Palestinians were sorted into categories, the color of an ID card determining who may go where.

1967年，当以色列占领了剩余的巴勒斯坦领土时，它在那里重建了同样的许可证制度。巴勒斯坦人被分为不同类别，身份证的颜色决定了谁可以去哪里。

In 1988, UN Special Committee reports classified the closing of areas in the occupied territories as collective punishment.

1988年，联合国特别委员会的报告将占领区内区域的封锁定性为集体惩罚。

In 1995, the Oslo Process resumed. It was meant to lead to the establishment of a sovereign Palestinian state. Instead, it further fragmented Palestinians by dividing the West Bank into administrative islands.

1995年，奥斯陆进程重启。该进程本意是引导建立一个主权巴勒斯坦国，但实际上，它通过将约旦河西岸分割成一个个行政孤岛，进一步碎片化了巴勒斯坦人。

By the early 2000s, this system of closures and permits had become the status quo. In 2002, Israel started building the 713-kilometers-long separation wall, 85 percent of which runs through the West Bank.

到21世纪初，这种封锁和许可证制度已成为常态。2002年，以色列开始修建全长713公里的隔离墙，其中85%的路段穿过约旦河西岸。

And since 2007, Israel has imposed a blockade on Gaza, isolating it from the rest of Palestine.

自2007年以来，以色列对加沙实施了封锁，将其与巴勒斯坦的其他地区隔离开来。

In the years that followed, the restrictions intensified.

在此后的几年里，这些限制措施不断加剧。