NASA Just Made Nearly 1 TB of Artemis II Data Available to the Public

NASA has just released about 800 gigabytes of scientific data generated by the Artemis II mission. The archive documenting the astronauts’ return to the far side of the moon includes 11,000 full-resolution images and videos, 8.5 hours of spoken observations, notes taken by the astronauts, transcripts, and photographs from the cameras aboard the Orion capsule.

NASA 刚刚发布了约 800 GB 由“阿尔忒弥斯 2 号”（Artemis II）任务产生的科学数据。这份记录了宇航员重返月球背面的档案包含 11,000 张全分辨率图像和视频、8.5 小时的口述观察记录、宇航员的笔记、文字记录，以及来自“猎户座”（Orion）飞船舱内摄像头的照片。

The space agency describes this effort as the first set of planetary science data obtained outside Earth and—for the most part—directly by humans in more than half a century. The closest comparable precedent dates back to the Apollo era and its missions to the lunar surface.

该航天机构将此举描述为半个多世纪以来，人类首次在地球之外——且在很大程度上是直接由人类——获取的一系列行星科学数据。与之最接近的先例可以追溯到阿波罗时代及其登月任务。

In addition to the public database, NASA released three reports summarizing what was learned during the first crewed spacecraft mission to approach the moon in five decades. These are the Artemis II Preliminary Lunar Science Report, the Artemis II Lunar Science Operations Report, and the Artemis II Lunar Science Data User Guide.

除了公共数据库外，NASA 还发布了三份报告，总结了在五十年内首次载人航天器接近月球的任务中所获得的成果。这三份报告分别是《阿尔忒弥斯 2 号初步月球科学报告》、《阿尔忒弥斯 2 号月球科学操作报告》以及《阿尔忒弥斯 2 号月球科学数据用户指南》。

Anyone can access the near terabyte of data, though the release is primarily intended for the scientific community. While the astronauts capture and collect the data during the mission, it’s the researchers on Earth who will be able to analyze it and produce new findings about the moon. The information may be particularly useful for planetary geologists, flight engineers, heliophysicists, experts in telecommunications and remote sensing, as well as specialists in meteoroid impacts.

任何人都可以访问这近 1 TB 的数据，尽管此次发布主要面向科学界。虽然宇航员在任务期间捕获并收集了这些数据，但地球上的研究人员才能对其进行分析并得出关于月球的新发现。这些信息对于行星地质学家、飞行工程师、太阳物理学家、电信和遥感专家以及流星体撞击专家尤其有用。

For space and astronomy enthusiasts, some of the most accessible materials include mission transcripts and lunar photographs annotated by the astronauts themselves. NASA has centralized access through its Planetary Data System, the public repository where it stores data from its planetary missions. In the section dedicated to the moon, users can access Artemis II and browse the various available collections, documents, and files.

对于太空和天文爱好者来说，最容易获取的材料包括任务文字记录和由宇航员亲自标注的月球照片。NASA 通过其“行星数据系统”（Planetary Data System）集中了访问权限，这是一个存储其行星任务数据的公共存储库。在专门的月球板块中，用户可以访问“阿尔忒弥斯 2 号”并浏览各种可用的合集、文档和文件。

For a less technical exploration, the agency has also set up an Artemis II science page where you can download the three reports, view a selection of photographs, and access the mission’s audio library. Anyone wishing to work directly with the raw data can visit the Planetary Data System, where the scientific files and their metadata are available for individual download and analysis.

为了进行非技术性的探索，该机构还设立了一个“阿尔忒弥斯 2 号”科学页面，用户可以在此下载三份报告、查看精选照片并访问任务音频库。任何希望直接处理原始数据的人都可以访问“行星数据系统”，那里的科学文件及其元数据可供个人下载和分析。

Initial analyses of some of the Artemis II data have already yielded several concrete results. The most clear-cut finding is the detection of five small meteoroid impacts on the lunar surface during the 54-minute eclipse observed by the Orion crew. Recording these flashes will improve estimates of how often fragments just a few centimeters in size strike the moon—a key factor in calculating the risks future bases, vehicles, and astronauts will face.

对部分“阿尔忒弥斯 2 号”数据的初步分析已经产生了一些具体成果。最明确的发现是在“猎户座”乘组观测到的 54 分钟月食期间，探测到了五次小型流星体撞击月球表面的事件。记录这些闪光将有助于改进对几厘米大小的碎片撞击月球频率的估算——这是计算未来基地、车辆和宇航员将面临的风险的关键因素。

The observations also documented differences in color, brightness, and texture among various lunar regions, which scientists can compare with composition maps previously obtained from orbit. In addition, photographs taken near the terminator—the boundary between lunar day and night—show in great detail how the terrain and visibility change when the sun is very low on the horizon. These conditions will be common near the south pole, where NASA plans to conduct the next Artemis missions. These data can therefore help the astronauts anticipate challenges related to navigation, lighting, and terrain recognition.

这些观测记录还显示了不同月球区域在颜色、亮度和纹理上的差异，科学家可以将这些数据与之前从轨道上获得的成分图进行比较。此外，在晨昏线（月球昼夜交界线）附近拍摄的照片详细展示了当太阳处于地平线极低位置时，地形和能见度是如何变化的。这些条件在南极附近很常见，而 NASA 计划在那里执行下一次“阿尔忒弥斯”任务。因此，这些数据可以帮助宇航员预判与导航、照明和地形识别相关的挑战。

This story originally appeared on WIRED en Español and has been translated from Spanish.

本文最初发表于《连线》西班牙语版，由西班牙语翻译而来。