withmarbleapp / os-taxonomy

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Marble Skill Taxonomy An open, structured taxonomy of what children learn across the primary/elementary years — decomposed into fine-grained “micro-topics”, wired into a prerequisite graph, and aligned to national curriculum standards. Produced by Marble. Version: v1 · Topics: 1,591 · Prerequisite edges: 3,225 · Subjects: 8

大理石技能分类法（Marble Skill Taxonomy） 这是一套开放且结构化的分类法，涵盖了儿童在小学阶段的学习内容——将其分解为细颗粒度的“微主题”，通过先修关系图进行连接，并与国家课程标准对齐。由 Marble 制作。版本：v1 · 主题：1,591 个 · 先修关系边：3,225 条 · 学科：8 个

See it Every dot is a micro-topic, colored by subject; height is age; each thread is a prerequisite (full-quality video). Explore it interactively at withmarble.com/curriculum — tap any concept to trace everything a learner must master before it.

查看方式 每一个点都是一个微主题，按学科着色；高度代表年龄；每一条线都是一个先修关系（全高清视频）。请访问 withmarble.com/curriculum 进行交互式探索——点击任何概念，即可追踪学习者在掌握该概念前必须完成的所有内容。

What this is Most curriculum data is either a flat list of standards or locked inside a product. This dataset is a connected graph of learning: 1,591 micro-topics — a single, teachable idea (e.g. “Building sentences”, “Apparent brightness of stars”), each with a plain-language description, mastery evidence criteria, a type (conceptual / procedural / representational / language / meta), a subject + domain, and an approximate age range.

这是什么 大多数课程数据要么是标准的平面列表，要么被锁定在产品内部。该数据集是一个互联的学习图谱：包含 1,591 个微主题——即单一的可教概念（例如“造句”、“恒星的视亮度”），每个主题都配有通俗易懂的描述、掌握程度评估标准、类型（概念型/程序型/表征型/语言型/元认知型）、学科+领域以及大致的年龄范围。

3,225 prerequisite dependencies — a directed acyclic graph: “topic X depends on prerequisite Y”, each edge tagged hard/soft and carrying a one-line reason. Curriculum alignment — each micro-topic links to the standards it was distilled from (NGSS, Common Core, the UK National Curriculum, and more).

3,225 个先修依赖关系——一个有向无环图：“主题 X 依赖于先修主题 Y”，每条边都标记为“硬”或“软”依赖，并附有一行理由。 课程对齐——每个微主题都链接到其提取来源的课程标准（如 NGSS、Common Core、英国国家课程等）。

Teaching research — 1,051 records covering the current Science and Mathematics topics: teaching approaches, concrete learning activities, feedback, assessment guidance and linked sources. Coverage is partial; the other 540 topics have no research in this release. Domain clusters — 176 parent-friendly one-paragraph summaries per (subject, domain, age band).

教学研究——1,051 条记录，涵盖当前的科学和数学主题：教学方法、具体的学习活动、反馈、评估指导及相关来源。覆盖范围不完整；其余 540 个主题在此版本中暂无研究内容。 领域集群——针对每个（学科、领域、年龄段）提供 176 条家长友好的单段式总结。

Subjects Subject Topics Science 547 Mathematics 504 English 286 History 90 Personal & Social Development 88 Life Skills 37 Computing 21 Learning to Learn 18

学科 学科 主题数 科学 547 数学 504 英语 286 历史 90 个人与社会发展 88 生活技能 37 计算机 21 学会学习 18

Files All data lives in data/ as UTF-8 JSON. See schema/ for JSON Schemas and manifest.json for counts + SHA-256 checksums.

文件 所有数据均以 UTF-8 JSON 格式存储在 data/ 目录下。请参阅 schema/ 获取 JSON 架构，参阅 manifest.json 获取统计数据及 SHA-256 校验和。

File What it holds data/topics.json The micro-topics (graph nodes). data/dependencies.json Prerequisite edges (topicId depends on prerequisiteId). data/curriculum-standards.json The source curriculum standards, grouped by curriculum. data/clusters.json Parent-friendly domain summaries. data/teaching-research.json Teaching research joined by topicId, with explicit coverage and publication notes (~24 MB). data/manifest.json Counts, per-subject breakdown, per-file checksums.

文件 内容 data/topics.json 微主题（图节点）。 data/dependencies.json 先修关系边（topicId 依赖于 prerequisiteId）。 data/curriculum-standards.json 原始课程标准，按课程分组。 data/clusters.json 家长友好的领域总结。 data/teaching-research.json 通过 topicId 关联的教学研究，包含明确的覆盖范围和发布说明（约 24 MB）。 data/manifest.json 统计数据、各学科分类、各文件校验和。

A topic { “id”: “mt_N8CpN1EJrP”, “type”: “CONCEPTUAL”, “subject”: “English”, “domain”: “Grammar & Punctuation”, “name”: “Building sentences”, “description”: “Understand that words combine to make sentences — a sentence expresses a complete thought…”, “ageRangeStart”: 4, “ageRangeEnd”: 6, “centrality”: 0.257, “evidence”: [ “Distinguish between complete sentences and fragments”, “Compose a complete sentence with a subject and verb” ], “assessmentPrompt”: “If {{name}} says something like “The dog”, can they tell you that’s not a complete sentence…?”, “standards”: [“ccss-ela:L.K.1f”, “uk-nc-2013:Eng.App2.Y1.Sent.1”] }

一个主题 { “id”: “mt_N8CpN1EJrP”, “type”: “CONCEPTUAL”, “subject”: “English”, “domain”: “Grammar & Punctuation”, “name”: “Building sentences”, “description”: “理解词语组合成句子——句子表达一个完整的思想……”, “ageRangeStart”: 4, “ageRangeEnd”: 6, “centrality”: 0.257, “evidence”: [ “区分完整句子和片段”, “用主语和谓语组成一个完整的句子” ], “assessmentPrompt”: “如果 {{name}} 说出类似“那只狗”的话，他们能告诉你那不是一个完整的句子吗……？”, “standards”: [“ccss-ela:L.K.1f”, “uk-nc-2013:Eng.App2.Y1.Sent.1”] }

id — stable identifier (mt_…), referenced by dependencies and by neighbours. standards — keys into curriculum-standards.json (”:”). assessmentPrompt — a natural-language check for the idea. Contains a {{name}} placeholder (the child’s name); substitute or strip before display.

id — 稳定标识符 (mt_…)，被依赖关系和相邻节点引用。 standards — 指向 curriculum-standards.json 的键 (”:”)。 assessmentPrompt — 对该概念的自然语言检查。包含一个 {{name}} 占位符（儿童姓名）；在显示前请替换或移除。

A dependency { “topicId”: “mt__00ZSLnB7p”, “prerequisiteId”: “mt_VBl1T1sFCM”, “strength”: “hard”, “reason”: “Must understand vibrations make sound before finding volume patterns” } topicId depends on prerequisiteId. Reverse the edge to get “unlocks”.

一个依赖关系 { “topicId”: “mt__00ZSLnB7p”, “prerequisiteId”: “mt_VBl1T1sFCM”, “strength”: “hard”, “reason”: “在发现音量规律之前，必须先理解振动产生声音” } topicId 依赖于 prerequisiteId。反转该边即可得到“解锁”关系。

Teaching research data/teaching-research.json adds how a topic might be taught to the graph of what children learn. It covers 547 Science and 504 Mathematics topics. coverage.missingTopicIds and per-subject counts make the 540 topics without research explicit; absence is not a judgement about whether a topic can be taught. The file has schemaVersion: 1 and taxonomy version: “v1”.

教学研究 data/teaching-research.json 将“如何教授主题”添加到了“儿童学习内容”的图谱中。它涵盖了 547 个科学主题和 504 个数学主题。coverage.missingTopicIds 和各学科统计数据明确指出了 540 个尚无研究的主题；缺失并不代表该主题无法教授。该文件具有 schemaVersion: 1 和分类法版本 “v1”。

Each records[] entry joins topics.json through topicId and contains: Field Meaning pedagogy Original teaching summary, practices, representations and misconceptions. learn Portable learning guidance (schemaVersion: 2): a summary, activities, educational constraints and review notes. learn.activities[] Learner actions, intended insight, feedback, rationale and supporting source claims. No product artifact types or fit rankings. assess Original diagnostic/task, response levels, error patterns and next teaching moves; nullable in the public interface. sources Claim, named source, optional URL and the original author’s verification flag. confidence Original authoring confidence; not an independent quality score. provenance Original authoring model and source record timestamps. The update timestamp also reflects the learning-guidance rewrite. publicationNotes Paths and curriculum codes for text omitted under the codes-only publication policy.

每个 records[] 条目通过 topicId 与 topics.json 关联，并包含： 字段 含义 pedagogy 原始教学总结、实践、表征和误区。 learn 可移植的学习指导（schemaVersion: 2）：总结、活动、教育约束和审阅笔记。 learn.activities[] 学习者行动、预期见解、反馈、基本原理和支持性来源声明。不含产品工件类型或适用性排名。 assess 原始诊断/任务、反应水平、错误模式和后续教学步骤；在公共接口中可为空。 sources 声明、命名来源、可选 URL 和原始作者的验证标记。 confidence 原始编写信心；非独立质量评分。 provenance 原始编写模型和源记录时间戳。更新时间戳也反映了学习指导的重写情况。 publicationNotes 在“仅代码”发布政策下省略文本的路径和课程代码。

sourceClaims exactly match sources[].claim after publication transformations. A source may support a general principle or curriculum alignment; this does not mean the proposed activity was tested. Some activities have no directly linked source claim. These records were agent-authored. The learning guidance was rewritten for portability, checked by a separate factual critic, and sampled by a second agent. Most original pedagogy and assessment were retained and may contain claims that the updated guidance qualifies; chart-specific alignment repairs after #30 are recorded in the affected learning-guidance review notes; read the constraints and review notes alongside them. Sources were not re-fetched or re-verified for this release. Historical verified: true and confidence: “high” are not new evidence ratings. Activities are research-informed proposals, not empirically validated interventions. Some original research quoted restricted curriculum standards. Matched passages are replaced with inline curriculum references, including inside citation cla

sourceClaims 在发布转换后与 sources[].claim 完全匹配。来源可能支持一般原则或课程对齐；但这并不意味着所提议的活动经过了测试。一些活动没有直接关联的来源声明。这些记录由智能体编写。学习指导为可移植性进行了重写，由独立的事实审查员检查，并由第二个智能体抽样验证。大部分原始教学法和评估被保留，可能包含更新后的指导所限定的声明；#30 之后的图表特定对齐修复记录在受影响的学习指导审阅笔记中；请同时阅读约束条件和审阅笔记。本版本未重新获取或重新验证来源。历史上的 verified: true 和 confidence: “high” 并非新的证据评级。活动是基于研究的建议，而非经过实证验证的干预措施。一些原始研究引用了受限的课程标准。匹配的段落已被替换为内联课程引用，包括在引用条款内。