FiLM-CAM: Keyed Feature Modulation for Conditional-Access Watermarking

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Computer Science > Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition arXiv:2610.30347 (cs) [Submitted on 21 Oct 2026] Title:FiLM-CAM: Keyed Feature Modulation for Conditional-Access Watermarking Authors:Yash Kulthe, Vishal Asnani, Shruti Agarwal, Andrew Gilbert, John Collomosse

计算机科学 > 计算机视觉与模式识别 arXiv:2610.30347 (cs) [提交于 2026 年 10 月 21 日] 标题：FiLM-CAM：用于条件访问水印的键控特征调制作者：Yash Kulthe, Vishal Asnani, Shruti Agarwal, Andrew Gilbert, John Collomosse

Abstract: We propose FiLM-CAM; a conditional-access image watermarking approach that enforces authorized encoding, decoding, and removal through keyed feature modulation. A secret key conditions a Feature-wise Linear Modulation (FiLM) mechanism that transforms the internal representation of the watermark signal before embedding, thereby coupling the payload to the key at the feature, rather than pixel level.

摘要：我们提出了 FiLM-CAM，这是一种条件访问图像水印方法，通过键控特征调制强制执行授权的编码、解码和移除。密钥调节一种特征线性调制 (FiLM) 机制，该机制在嵌入前转换水印信号的内部表示，从而在特征而非像素级别将有效载荷与密钥耦合。

The same key must be presented to condition the decoder to correctly recover the payload embedded in an image. To enforce conditional access, we train the system to maximize the performance gap between authorized and unauthorized use, ensuring reliable extraction under the correct key while inducing failure under incorrect keys.

必须提供相同的密钥来调节解码器，以正确恢复嵌入在图像中的有效载荷。为了强制执行条件访问，我们训练系统以最大化授权使用和未经授权使用之间的性能差距，确保在正确密钥下实现可靠提取，同时在错误密钥下导致失败。

In addition, we design our encoder to estimate the watermark residual invariant to the presence of pre-existing watermarks. This design enables conditional watermark removal via simple re-encoding and subtraction of the residual using iterative refinement, contingent on knowledge of the secret key.

此外，我们设计了编码器来估计对预先存在的水印具有不变性的水印残差。这种设计使得能够通过简单的重新编码和使用迭代细化减去残差来实现条件水印移除，前提是必须掌握密钥。

We evaluate FiLM-CAM across multiple watermarking encoder-decoder backbones, demonstrating that keyed feature modulation serves as an effective, architecture-agnostic conditional access module (CAM) for image watermarking.

我们在多个水印编码器-解码器主干网络上评估了 FiLM-CAM，证明了键控特征调制可作为一种有效的、与架构无关的图像水印条件访问模块 (CAM)。