本文为原文前 6,000 字符的节选翻译，完整内容请查看原文。

If you love a website, back it up

这个故事始于一个小小的悲剧。你看，我有一些珍藏的旧网页，时不时就想回去看看。有些网站多年甚至几十年都没有变过，时不时去看看它们，确认这位“老朋友”依然安好，总有一种温馨的感觉。当然，有时悲剧也会发生。

There was this fansite called teapuppies.com for an old anime series and and toy line called Ochaken. It’s about these cute cartoon dog characters who have tea leaves for ears, each of them named after a different kind of tea. The site had been online since 2004 and had basically not changed since 2005, but it was nice just having it around. Except when I went to visit it a few weeks ago, and discovered that not only was the site gone but the domain is now being used to serve online gambling ads.

曾经有一个名为 teapuppies.com 的粉丝网站，是关于一部名为《茶犬》（Ochaken）的旧动画系列和玩具线的。它讲述的是一群可爱的卡通狗角色，它们的耳朵是茶叶，每只狗都以一种不同的茶命名。该网站自 2004 年上线以来，基本从 2005 年起就没变过，但能留着它感觉真好。直到几周前我去访问时，才发现网站不仅消失了，域名现在还被用来投放网络赌博广告。

I work in web archiving, by the way. Which is to say that I should have known the site would go offline someday, and that I have the tools to have done something about it. I could have archived that site while it was still around, but I didn’t. This post is here to beg you to do what I didn’t think to, and to teach you how.

顺便提一下，我从事的是网络归档工作。也就是说，我本该预料到这个网站迟早会下线，而且我有工具可以为此做点什么。我本可以在它还在的时候将其归档，但我没有。写这篇文章是为了恳求你去做我没想到的事，并教你如何操作。

You see, when I talk to a lot of people about web archiving, they always seem to believe it’s something they couldn’t do. It’s something a big organization like the Internet Archive does, and if you want a webpage to be saved you just have to wait and hope it gets done. But that’s not true! What I really want everyone to know is that you have control over the world around you, you can take action to preserve things and make things better. And not just can, but should! Don’t just wait for someone else to act - get out there and and make it happen! Got a favourite site? Back it up! Got some information you don’t want to get lost? Back it up! Favourite post somewhere? All together now. Back! It! Up!

你看，当我与许多人谈论网络归档时，他们似乎总认为这是他们做不到的事情。他们觉得这是像“互联网档案”（Internet Archive）这样的大型组织才会做的事，如果你想保存一个网页，只能等待并祈祷它被保存下来。但事实并非如此！我真正想让大家知道的是，你对周围的世界拥有掌控权，你可以采取行动来保存事物并让世界变得更好。不仅可以，而且应该！不要只是等待别人行动——走出去，让它发生！有喜欢的网站吗？备份它！有不想丢失的信息吗？备份它！某处有喜欢的帖子吗？大家一起喊：备份！它！

All of the tools I’ll be showing off in this post use standard web archiving formats like WARC. You don’t have to worry about any of the technical details, but I’m telling you that because it means there are a lot of really great tools to do whatever you want with them. Here, just as an example, is an entire archived website embedded right in this blog post:

我在本文中展示的所有工具都使用 WARC 等标准网络归档格式。你不必担心任何技术细节，我之所以提到这一点，是因为这意味着有很多非常棒的工具可以让你随心所欲地使用它们。这里，作为一个例子，是一个直接嵌入在这篇博文中的完整归档网站：

You can even click through all the links, look at all of the images, the works. It’s an entire website right in a post! (And if you don’t trust me to keep this up, and you want the web archive to host somewhere else? You can download it for yourself right from there. Just click the kebab menu and choose “download archive”, and you can do whatever you like with it. In fact, please do!)

你甚至可以点击所有的链接，查看所有的图片，应有尽有。这是一个直接嵌入在帖子里的完整网站！（如果你不相信我会一直维护它，或者你想把网络档案托管到别处？你可以直接从那里下载。只需点击菜单图标并选择“下载档案”，你就可以随心所欲地处理它。事实上，请务必这样做！）

By the way, for disclosure: the tools I’m going to mention in this blog post are made by the company I work for, but that’s not because they’ll pay my salary (most of them are free!). I just happen to think these are the best tools there are for personal web archiving.

顺便披露一下：我在本博文中提到的工具是由我所在的公司制作的，但这并不是因为它们会支付我的薪水（它们大多数是免费的！）。我只是恰好认为这些是目前用于个人网络归档的最佳工具。

By far the easiest personal web archiving tool is the ArchiveWeb.page browser extension for Chrome. This doesn’t take much in the way of setup or technical skills, and it works for anything: a single page, an entire website, a social media post or profile. So long as you can see it in a web browser, you can save it. All you really need to do is:

目前最简单的个人网络归档工具是适用于 Chrome 的 ArchiveWeb.page 浏览器扩展程序。它不需要太多的设置或技术技能，适用于任何内容：单个页面、整个网站、社交媒体帖子或个人资料。只要你能在浏览器中看到它，你就可以保存它。你真正需要做的只是：

You’re done! You just archived a web page! Now that it’s all saved, you can preview it and see how it went by clicking the extension’s icon and then the home icon to open the extension dashboard. From there, you can click on your archiving session to preview the pages you archived, load them in browser, and see if they work. (I’ll go into more details on how you can look at web archives and share them with others later in this post.)

完成了！你刚刚归档了一个网页！现在一切都已保存，你可以通过点击扩展程序的图标，然后点击主页图标打开扩展程序仪表板，来预览归档效果。从那里，你可以点击你的归档会话来预览你归档的页面，在浏览器中加载它们，并查看它们是否正常工作。（我将在本文后面详细介绍如何查看网络档案并与他人分享。）

If you don’t want to install a browser extension, or you don’t have Chrome installed, you can also grab the standalone archiveweb.page app. This is basically the same thing as the browser extension above, it just has its own web browser built in. It also opens straight to the menu that lets you browse your web archives, so it’s a handy way to look at your web archives locally. Pretty much everything else I described above applies.

如果你不想安装浏览器扩展程序，或者没有安装 Chrome，你也可以获取独立的 archiveweb.page 应用程序。它基本上与上面的浏览器扩展程序相同，只是内置了自己的网页浏览器。它还会直接打开让你浏览网络档案的菜单，因此这是一种在本地查看网络档案的便捷方式。我上面描述的其他内容基本都适用。

The above options are great for single pages or sites that are small enough for you to browse manually. But if you’ve got a webpage that’s big enough that it’s going to be annoying visiting all of the pages by hand, you probably want to look at a web crawler tool for web archiving. There are a bunch of options out there, but the easiest to use as an individual is probably Browsertrix. A web crawler is basically an automation tool built around a web browser; you provide instructions on what page to start from and what pages it should visit, and it will go ahead and click links to automatically find pages so that it can archive the page as completely as possible. The web archive I embedded above was done using Browsertrix on pretty close to its default settings: I just told it I wanted to do a site crawl for the entire domain https://teapuppies.mistys-internet.website, and it worked it out from there:

上述选项非常适合单个页面或小到可以手动浏览的网站。但如果你有一个网页大到手动访问所有页面会很麻烦，你可能需要考虑使用网络爬虫工具进行归档。市面上有很多选择，但个人使用最简单的可能是 Browsertrix。网络爬虫本质上是围绕网页浏览器构建的自动化工具；你提供从哪个页面开始以及应该访问哪些页面的指令，它就会自动点击链接寻找页面，从而尽可能完整地归档该页面。我上面嵌入的网络档案就是使用 Browsertrix 在接近默认设置的情况下完成的：我只是告诉它我想对整个域名 https://teapuppies.mistys-internet.website 进行站点爬取，它就自动完成了后续工作：

But, depending, on what you’re looking for, it has options which can be customized to narrow down what content it archives. For example, if you decided you only want pages for the episodes, you could tell it to only capture anything at the /episodes/ section of the website:

但是，根据你的需求，它提供了一些可以自定义的选项来缩小归档内容的范围。例如，如果你决定只需要剧集页面，你可以告诉它只捕获网站 /episodes/ 部分下的任何内容：

Or even just a single page and anything that page links to:

或者甚至只是单个页面以及该页面链接到的任何内容：

There are a lot more options than I can go into in a quick overview - it’s a comprehensive tool with a lot of options. But if you’re looking to archive a whole website, or a complete social media profile, I’d recommend giving it a try.

这里还有很多选项，无法在简短的概述中一一详述——这是一个功能全面且选项众多的工具。但如果你想归档整个网站或完整的社交媒体资料，我建议你尝试一下。

Unlike the other tools, which you mainly run on your own computer, Browsertrix is primarily a web app. It’s also the only paid tool in this post - there’s a seven day trial, but after that you do have to pay per use. Since it’s open source, though, technically inclined users can run their own copies on their computer or deploy a copy somewhere if they like.

与其他主要在你自己电脑上运行的工具不同，Browsertrix 主要是一个 Web 应用程序。它也是本文中唯一的付费工具——有七天的试用期，之后需要按使用量付费。不过，由于它是开源的，技术娴熟的用户可以在自己的电脑上运行副本，或者根据需要将其部署到其他地方。