TechCrunch Mobility: How do you issue a ticket to a robotaxi?
TechCrunch Mobility: How do you issue a ticket to a robotaxi?
TechCrunch Mobility：如何给自动驾驶出租车开罚单？
Welcome back to TechCrunch Mobility — your central hub for news and insights on the future of transportation. To get this in your inbox, sign up here for free — just click TechCrunch Mobility! We’re going to do a bit of a deep dive today, which may make this newsletter look a little different than normal. There is a reason! This newsletter is not region-specific, but sometimes there are policies at the state level that have widespread implications for tech companies and startups alike. 欢迎回到 TechCrunch Mobility——您获取交通未来新闻与见解的中心。想要在收件箱中接收此内容，请点击此处免费订阅——只需点击 TechCrunch Mobility！今天我们将进行一些深入探讨，这可能会使本期通讯看起来与往常略有不同。这是有原因的！本通讯并非针对特定地区，但有时州一级的政策会对科技公司和初创企业产生广泛影响。
Which brings me to California and the new autonomous vehicle testing and deployment rules issued this week by the state’s Department of Motor Vehicles. There are two new sets of rules — collectively 100 pages long — that cover requirements for the testing and deployment of AVs. I spent the past few days speaking to engineers and policy folks working at AV companies and discovered that they have strong opinions and few want to speak publicly about it. But thanks to the public commentary period on these regulations, we have some insight into what the industry supported and what it did not. 这让我联想到加利福尼亚州，以及该州机动车管理局（DMV）本周发布的新自动驾驶汽车测试和部署规则。这两套新规则总计 100 页，涵盖了自动驾驶汽车测试和部署的要求。过去几天，我与自动驾驶汽车公司的工程师和政策制定者进行了交流，发现他们对此有强烈的看法，但很少有人愿意公开谈论。不过，得益于这些法规的公众评论期，我们得以深入了解行业支持什么，反对什么。
The regulations include new, more robust requirements for data collection and sharing, training, and operations. Here are a few items that stuck out and what insiders told me. How do you ticket a robotaxi? Under these new rules, law enforcement can cite AV companies for traffic violations committed by their vehicles. The rule, called “Notice of Autonomous Vehicle Noncompliance,” requires the manufacturer (meaning the robotaxi company) to report the violation to the DMV within 72 hours of receiving it from law enforcement. 这些法规包括在数据收集与共享、培训和运营方面提出更严格的新要求。以下是几个引人注目的要点以及业内人士告诉我的情况。如何给自动驾驶出租车开罚单？根据这些新规则，执法部门可以就自动驾驶汽车的交通违规行为向其所属公司开出罚单。这项被称为“自动驾驶汽车违规通知”的规则要求制造商（即自动驾驶出租车公司）在收到执法部门通知后的 72 小时内向 DMV 报告违规行为。
I’ve heard a number of interpretations of this rule and how it will be implemented, but it appears there is not a monetary fine attached to these violations. Instead, these violations are another piece of data that the DMV can use to identify problems and take action if needed. 我听到了关于这项规则及其执行方式的多种解读，但目前看来，这些违规行为似乎并不涉及金钱罚款。相反，这些违规记录是 DMV 可用于识别问题并在必要时采取行动的另一项数据。
Insiders told me that the data is actionable and more important than a monetary fine. My question: Why not both? The good news for industry: The DMV will now allow heavy-duty vehicles equipped with autonomous vehicle tech to test and eventually deploy on public roads. Self-driving truck companies are happy with this outcome. Daniel Goff, VP of external affairs at Kodiak, told me the company is already working on the required documentation to apply for a permit. 业内人士告诉我，这些数据具有可操作性，比金钱罚款更重要。我的问题是：为什么不能两者兼顾？对行业来说的好消息是：DMV 现在将允许配备自动驾驶技术的重型车辆在公共道路上进行测试并最终部署。自动驾驶卡车公司对这一结果感到高兴。Kodiak 负责外部事务的副总裁 Daniel Goff 告诉我，该公司已经在准备申请许可证所需的必要文件。
The burden for the industry: The word that came up in every conversation I had with someone in the AV industry was “burdensome.” And it was always used in reaction to the new data collection and sharing regulations. 行业的负担：我在与自动驾驶行业人士的每一次交谈中，听到的最多的词就是“繁重”。而且这个词总是被用来回应新的数据收集和共享法规。
Goodbye, disengagement reports; hello, malfunctions: Others were happy to see annual disengagement reporting disappear. Disengagement reports, which detailed instances when human drivers had to take over control due to technology failures or safety concerns, have been controversial because companies use varying standards. This has made it impossible to compare the results or rate the proficiency of autonomous vehicle technology. That entire section has been removed and replaced with a requirement to report “dynamic driving task performance relevant system failure.” 告别脱离报告，迎接故障报告：其他人很高兴看到年度脱离报告（disengagement reports）被取消。脱离报告详细记录了人类驾驶员因技术故障或安全隐患而不得不接管控制权的情况，由于各公司使用的标准不一，这些报告一直备受争议。这使得比较结果或评估自动驾驶技术水平变得不可能。该部分已被完全删除，取而代之的是要求报告“与动态驾驶任务性能相关的系统故障”。
This may seem like semantics — trading one jargony phrase for another. Insiders tell me that while it is not a perfect metric, it is clearer than its predecessor. That doesn’t mean it is beloved either. There is a lot more in these documents, including a requirement to provide annual updates to first responder interaction plans, access to manual vehicle override systems, two-way communication links with 30-second response times, and updated training requirements to ensure safe and timely interactions with first responders. 这看起来可能只是文字游戏——用一个术语换另一个术语。业内人士告诉我，虽然这不是一个完美的指标，但它比前一个指标更清晰。但这并不意味着它就广受欢迎。这些文件中还有很多内容，包括要求每年更新与急救人员的互动计划、提供手动车辆覆盖系统的访问权限、具备 30 秒响应时间的双向通信链路，以及更新培训要求以确保与急救人员进行安全、及时的互动。
My question for you, reader, is whether these rules go too far or if they are appropriate and provide the kind of reporting and data collection needed to keep these companies accountable? Sign up for the Mobility newsletter to vote in our polls! 读者朋友，我的问题是：这些规则是否过于严苛？还是说它们恰如其分，提供了让这些公司承担责任所需的报告和数据收集机制？订阅 Mobility 通讯并在我们的民意调查中投票吧！
Got a tip for us? Email Kirsten Korosec at kirsten.korosec@techcrunch.com or my Signal at kkorosec.07, or email Sean O’Kane at sean.okane@techcrunch.com. 有新闻线索吗？请发送电子邮件至 kirsten.korosec@techcrunch.com 联系 Kirsten Korosec，或通过 Signal 联系 kkorosec.07，也可以发送电子邮件至 sean.okane@techcrunch.com 联系 Sean O’Kane。
BMW i Ventures launched a new $300 million fund with a timely thesis: AI will reshape how the automotive industry operates. The fund will invest in early-stage through Series B startups in North America and Europe that are working on agentic AI and physical AI as well as industrial software, advanced materials, and manufacturing and supply-chain technologies. This third fund brings the firm’s total capital under management to $1.1 billion. BMW i Ventures 推出了一支 3 亿美元的新基金，其核心论点非常及时：人工智能将重塑汽车行业的运作方式。该基金将投资于北美和欧洲处于早期至 B 轮阶段的初创企业，这些企业致力于智能体 AI（agentic AI）、物理 AI 以及工业软件、先进材料、制造和供应链技术。这是该公司的第三支基金，使其管理的资本总额达到 11 亿美元。
Other deals that got my attention … Sereact, a German robotics startup, raised $110 million in a Series B funding round led by VC Headline. Other investors include Bullhound Capital, Felix Capital, Daphni, Air Street Capital, Creandum, and Point Nine. Spirit Airlines is preparing to shut down after failing to secure a $500 million lifeline from the government, the WSJ reports. The company is expected to cease operations around 3 a.m. ET Saturday. 其他引起我注意的交易……德国机器人初创公司 Sereact 在由风险投资公司 Headline 领投的 B 轮融资中筹集了 1.1 亿美元。其他投资者包括 Bullhound Capital、Felix Capital、Daphni、Air Street Capital、Creandum 和 Point Nine。据《华尔街日报》报道，精神航空（Spirit Airlines）在未能获得政府 5 亿美元的救命资金后，正准备关闭。该公司预计将于美东时间周六凌晨 3 点左右停止运营。