How to Buy a Bike That’s the Right Size for You
How to Buy a Bike That’s the Right Size for You
如何选购适合你身高的自行车
Riding a properly fitting bike can not only be the difference between comfort and discomfort (which is perhaps the most major factor in how much you want to ride). It can also mean the difference between whether or not you injure yourself, as spending huge amounts of time on a bike that is too big or too small for you can lead to a variety of maladies.
骑行一辆尺寸合适的自行车，不仅决定了你是感到舒适还是难受（这或许是你是否愿意骑行的最主要因素），还决定了你是否会受伤。因为长时间骑行一辆过大或过小的自行车，可能会导致各种身体不适。
Whether you’re riding all the time or just getting into cycling, there are a few tips you can follow to make sure you’re buying the right sized bike and dialing it to your body in a way that will give you endless pain-free hours in the saddle. Because a bike that fits you well shouldn’t hurt at all.
无论你是经常骑行还是刚接触自行车运动，都可以参考以下几点建议，确保买到尺寸合适的自行车，并将其调整到最适合你身体的状态，从而让你在鞍座上享受无痛的骑行时光。毕竟，一辆适合你的自行车不应该让你感到任何疼痛。
If you’re experiencing pain, discomfort, or numbness anywhere, your bike fit is off. Of course, the pain and numbness in your butt after a 60-, 70-, or 100-mile ride is unavoidable and has nothing to do with fit. But riding a bike any distance shouldn’t result in pain or discomfort in your joints, neck, back, or anywhere else.
如果你在任何部位感到疼痛、不适或麻木，说明你的自行车设置不当。当然，在骑行 60、70 或 100 英里后，臀部的疼痛和麻木是不可避免的，这与车辆设置无关。但无论骑行多远，都不应该导致关节、颈部、背部或其他任何部位的疼痛或不适。
If you’re intending to spend a ton time in the saddle and/or dropping serious coin on a new bike, the best option is always to get a professional bike fit, which is a process where an expert fitter will analyze your body type, your riding style, even your ambitions, and dial your bike incrementally, that it perfectly fits you. My colleague Joe Ray can offer advice on getting a professional fit.
如果你打算花大量时间骑行，或者准备在购买新车上投入重金，最好的选择始终是进行专业的自行车适配（Bike Fit）。这是一个由专业技师分析你的体型、骑行风格甚至骑行目标，并对自行车进行细微调整，使其完美契合你的过程。我的同事 Joe Ray 可以为你提供关于专业适配的建议。
It’s also important to note that the rules for finding the best fit are different based on what style of bike you want, what your transportation needs are, and how much you intend to ride. If you want a drop-bar bike such as a road or gravel bike, a mountain bike, or a hybrid bike, the handlebar setup will affect other factors like the frame size and saddle height. Also, as men and women tend to be built differently, the design of bike frames and their components should be taken into account. Some brands such as Liv or Juliana are designed specifically for women, who tend to have narrower shoulders and shorter torsos relative to their legs than men.
同样需要注意的是，寻找最佳适配的规则会根据你想要的自行车类型、交通需求以及骑行频率而有所不同。如果你想要一辆弯把自行车（如公路车或砾石车）、山地车或混合动力车，车把的设置会影响车架尺寸和鞍座高度等其他因素。此外，由于男女体型通常存在差异，在设计车架及其组件时也应考虑到这一点。一些品牌（如 Liv 或 Juliana）是专门为女性设计的，因为女性通常比男性肩膀更窄，躯干相对于腿部更短。
Size Matters
尺寸至关重要
It’s easy to wander deep into the weeds, but there are some basic things you can do to ensure you’re riding a properly fitting bike. Following these tips should help you make the most important decisions.
很容易陷入细节的泥潭，但你可以通过一些基本操作来确保骑行的是一辆尺寸合适的自行车。遵循这些建议将有助于你做出最重要的决定。
Start with the biggest thing! That is, your frame. There is no bigger single part of a bike than its frame. It’s also one of the only parts of a bike that is not adjustable. Your frame will always be the same shape and size, and there’s no changing that. So you want to start with the proper frame before anything else.
从最重要的部分开始！那就是你的车架。自行车上没有比车架更大的单一部件了。它也是自行车上唯一不可调节的部件之一。你的车架形状和尺寸是固定的，无法改变。因此，在做任何事情之前，你必须先确定合适的车架。
Most manufacturers size their frames using the small, medium, and large paradigm (with some brands offering XXS through XXL) or using measurements in centimeters. Typically, off-road bikes come in S, M, L, whereas road bikes use centimeters.
大多数制造商使用小、中、大（S, M, L）的模式来标注车架尺寸（有些品牌提供从 XXS 到 XXL 的尺码），或者使用厘米作为测量单位。通常，越野自行车使用 S、M、L 尺码，而公路自行车则使用厘米。
A good place to start is by researching a height chart. Considering not all bikes are built equally—not everyone’s “large” frame is the same size, for example—it’s especially helpful if you can find a chart from the brand you intend to buy.
一个好的起点是研究身高对照表。考虑到并非所有自行车的制造标准都相同——例如，并非每个品牌的“大号”车架尺寸都一样——如果你能找到你打算购买的品牌提供的对照表，会非常有帮助。
Here’s a good example from the mega-brand Specialized. If I, at 76 inches (approx. 193 cm), were interested in an Aethos model, I’d probably want to get a 61 cm frame.
这里有一个来自大品牌 Specialized 的好例子。如果我身高 76 英寸（约 193 厘米），想买一辆 Aethos 型号的自行车，我可能需要选择 61 厘米的车架。
If you can’t find a chart for the bike you’re interested in, you can just as easily find the bike itself at a local shop and swing your leg over a few different sizes. The general rule of thumb is that you should be able to fully stand over a bike with both feet flat on the ground with about 1 inch of clearance between your body and the bike’s top tube. Smaller bikes and bikes with compact designs have sloping top tubes; with those, you want to look for around two inches of space.
如果你找不到感兴趣车型的对照表，也可以直接去当地车店，跨骑不同尺寸的自行车试试。一般的经验法则是：你应该能够双脚平放在地面上跨过自行车，身体与车架上管之间大约有 1 英寸（约 2.5 厘米）的间隙。较小的自行车和紧凑型设计的自行车通常有倾斜的上管；对于这些车型，你应该留出大约 2 英寸（约 5 厘米）的空间。
As contemporary mountain bike frames offer more extreme angles, that space between body and bike is less important. Here, it’s a bit easier to simply find a corresponding height chart from the brand of bike you’re buying. And, again, as off-road bikes are more likely to be offered in S-M-L sizes, there’s a bit more wiggle room. In other words, a large mountain bike will fit a far wider spectrum of bodies than a 58 cm road bike.
由于现代山地车架的角度更加极端，身体与自行车之间的间隙就不那么重要了。在这种情况下，直接查找所购品牌对应的身高对照表会更容易。此外，由于越野自行车更有可能提供 S-M-L 尺码，因此选择的余地更大。换句话说，大号山地车比 58 厘米的公路车能适应更广泛的身材范围。
Made to Measure
量身定制
Once you’ve established the proper frame height, you can focus on the more incremental adjustments, most of which pertain to saddle height and position.
一旦确定了合适的车架高度，你就可以专注于更细微的调整，其中大部分与鞍座的高度和位置有关。
When dialing saddle height, a good place to start is by standing next to your bike and leveling your saddle with the top of your hip bone.
在调整鞍座高度时，一个好的起点是站在自行车旁边，将鞍座高度调整到与你的髋骨顶部齐平。
From here, you might need a friend to hold your bike while you hop on, grab your handlebars, position one pedal at the bottom of its stroke, and place your heel on the pedal (that’s right: your heel). Adjust your saddle height so that your leg is perfectly straight and your knee locked out at the bottom of the pedal stroke. Now, using your heel, pedal backwards. If your heel stays in contact with your pedal for one entire stroke, your stroke, your saddle is generally at the correct height. Once you start pedaling with the ball of your foot, you’ll notice that your leg is never fully extended and that, even at the bottom of a pedal stroke, there is still a slight bend to your knee. This what you want.
接下来，你可能需要一位朋友帮你扶住自行车，你坐上去，握住车把，将一个脚踏板转到最低点，然后把脚后跟放在踏板上（没错，是脚后跟）。调整鞍座高度，使你的腿完全伸直，膝盖在踏板最低点时处于锁定状态。现在，用脚后跟向后踩踏。如果你的脚后跟在整个踩踏过程中始终与踏板保持接触，那么鞍座高度通常就是正确的。当你开始用前脚掌踩踏时，你会发现腿部从未完全伸直，即使在踏板最低点，膝盖仍有轻微弯曲。这正是你想要的效果。
Most modern seat posts (and plenty of older ones) come with a marking that tells you the absolute maximum you can pull your seat post out of the tube. If you need to raise your saddle higher than the “minimum insertion mark,” you probably need to go up a frame size. Riding a bike with a seat post set any higher than that mark is tremendously dangerous.
大多数现代座管（以及许多旧款座管）都有一个标记，告诉你座管从车架管中拔出的绝对最大长度。如果你需要将鞍座调高到超过“最小插入标记”的位置，你可能需要更换大一号的车架。骑行超过该标记的座管是非常危险的。
Another trick is something called the “LeMond Method,” so named for American cycling great and two-time Tour de France winner Greg LeMond. Multiply your inseam measurement by .883. The resulting number will be the distance between the top of your saddle and the center of your bottom bracket.
另一个技巧被称为“勒蒙德法”（LeMond Method），以美国自行车名将、两届环法自行车赛冠军格雷格·勒蒙德（Greg LeMond）的名字命名。将你的内缝长度（inseam）乘以 0.883，得出的数值就是鞍座顶部到五通（bottom bracket）中心之间的距离。
Don’t know your inseam length? Stand against a wall while barefoot, stick a book between your legs with the spine at your crotch, mark the point on the wall where the spine is making contact, and measure it.
不知道自己的内缝长度？赤脚背靠墙站立，在两腿之间夹一本书，书脊顶住裆部，在墙上标记出书脊接触的点，然后测量该点到地面的距离即可。