What You Need to Know About the Foreign-Made Router Ban in the US

关于美国外国制造路由器禁令，你需要了解什么

In March, the Federal Communications Commission banned new consumer internet routers manufactured outside the US, citing national security concerns. The ban doesn’t affect any routers already in American homes or currently on sale in the US, but all new routers aimed at the consumer market will need to be approved. 今年3月，美国联邦通信委员会（FCC）以国家安全为由，禁止了在美国境外制造的新型消费级互联网路由器。该禁令不影响美国家庭中现有的或目前在美国市场上销售的路由器，但所有面向消费市场的新型路由器都必须经过审批。

While the headline is that foreign-made consumer routers are banned, manufacturers can apply for exemptions, and some have been approved. There’s no need to throw out your router, and you’ll still find plenty of mesh systems on the store shelves. But what does this mean for you? 虽然新闻标题称外国制造的消费级路由器被禁，但制造商可以申请豁免，且部分厂商已获得批准。你无需扔掉现有的路由器，商店货架上也依然会有充足的网状网络（Mesh）系统供选择。但这对于你个人意味着什么呢？

Updated May 2026: We’ve added more info on software and component updates, that mobile hotspots are included in the ban, and Conditional Approval has been granted to a few companies. 2026年5月更新：我们增加了关于软件和组件更新的更多信息，明确了移动热点设备也被纳入禁令范围，并补充了少数公司已获得“有条件批准”的内容。

Why Are Foreign-Made Routers Banned?

为什么外国制造的路由器会被禁？

“Malicious actors have exploited security gaps in foreign-made routers to attack American households, disrupt networks, enable espionage, and facilitate intellectual property theft,” the FCC wrote. “Foreign-made routers were also involved in the Volt, Flax, and Salt Typhoon cyberattacks targeting vital US infrastructure.” FCC写道：“恶意行为者利用外国制造路由器中的安全漏洞攻击美国家庭、破坏网络、实施间谍活动并窃取知识产权。外国制造的路由器还参与了针对美国关键基础设施的‘伏特’（Volt）、‘亚麻’（Flax）和‘盐台风’（Salt Typhoon）网络攻击。”

Foreign-made consumer routers were added to the Covered List, which details equipment and services “deemed to pose an unacceptable risk to the national security of the United States.” 外国制造的消费级路由器已被列入“受限清单”（Covered List），该清单详细列出了“被认为对美国国家安全构成不可接受风险”的设备和服务。

Bogdan Botezatu, director of Threat Research at cybersecurity firm Bitdefender, says this ban is a step to harden the cybersecurity readiness of US households, given ongoing geopolitical tensions. 网络安全公司Bitdefender的威胁研究总监Bogdan Botezatu表示，鉴于当前的地缘政治紧张局势，这项禁令是加强美国家庭网络安全防御能力的一步。

“Consumer routers sit at the edge of every home network, which makes them an attractive target and a strategic risk if compromised at scale,” he says. Asked whether he thinks the risk is real, Botezatu says yes, though there’s no easy way to prove intent. “[Internet of Things] devices, including routers, are a weak point across the internet.” “消费级路由器位于每个家庭网络的边缘，这使它们成为极具吸引力的攻击目标，一旦被大规模入侵，将构成战略风险，”他说道。当被问及他是否认为这种风险真实存在时，Botezatu给出了肯定的回答，尽管目前很难轻易证明其背后的意图。“包括路由器在内的物联网（IoT）设备是整个互联网的薄弱环节。”

Which Routers Are Banned?

哪些路由器被禁？

The ban only affects the sale of new Wi-Fi routers and mobile Wi-Fi or hotspot devices aimed at consumer households. The ban does not apply to existing FCC-approved routers on sale in the US or to phones with hotspot features. Previously purchased routers already in use in homes across the country are also fine and aren’t part of the ban, according to the FCC’s FAQ. These routers can continue to be sold, used, and updated with new firmware, at least until March 1, 2027. 该禁令仅影响面向消费家庭的新型Wi-Fi路由器和移动Wi-Fi或热点设备的销售。禁令不适用于目前在美国销售的、已获FCC批准的现有路由器，也不适用于具备热点功能的手机。根据FCC的常见问题解答，全国范围内家庭中已购买并正在使用的路由器不受影响，也不在禁令范围内。这些路由器至少在2027年3月1日前可以继续销售、使用并更新固件。

Any new router manufactured outside the US now requires FCC approval before it can be imported, marketed, or sold in the US. This includes routers from US companies manufactured overseas, which is the vast majority of the market right now. 任何在美国境外制造的新型路由器，现在必须在获得FCC批准后，方可在美国进口、营销或销售。这包括美国公司在海外制造的路由器，而这占据了目前绝大多数的市场份额。

What Does Foreign-Made Mean?

“外国制造”的定义是什么？

This is decidedly murky. The ban is concerned with “consumer-grade” routers and could include any designed or manufactured outside the US or manufactured by companies that are not completely US-owned and operated. All the major players in the market, including Netgear, TP-Link, Asus, Amazon’s Eero, Google’s Nest, Synology, Linksys, and Ubiquiti, fall under the definition. As do most, if not all, of the routers supplied by internet service providers in the US. 这一点非常模糊。该禁令针对的是“消费级”路由器，可能涵盖任何在美国境外设计或制造的设备，或者由非完全由美国拥有和运营的公司所制造的设备。市场上的所有主要参与者，包括网件（Netgear）、普联（TP-Link）、华硕（Asus）、亚马逊的Eero、谷歌的Nest、群晖（Synology）、Linksys和Ubiquiti，都符合这一定义。美国互联网服务提供商提供的绝大多数（如果不是全部）路由器也在此列。

Just like the recent federal drone ban, the router ban only applies to new routers, but manufacturers can apply for Conditional Approval from the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security. 就像最近的联邦无人机禁令一样，路由器禁令仅适用于新型路由器，但制造商可以向国防部和国土安全部申请“有条件批准”。

What is Conditional Approval?

什么是“有条件批准”？

There are three main elements to securing a Conditional Approval in the official guidelines: 根据官方指南，获得“有条件批准”主要有三个要素：

Corporate Structure: This must disclose the ownership, board membership, and “any foreign government ownership, control, influence, financing, or material support.” 公司结构： 必须披露所有权、董事会成员构成，以及“任何外国政府的所有权、控制权、影响力、融资或实质性支持”。
Manufacturing and Supply Chain Disclosure: Router manufacturers must submit detailed reports that break down where every major stage of production happens, covering manufacturing, assembly, design, and development. That means listing every component in every router or hotspot they manufacture and explaining where it comes from. 制造与供应链披露： 路由器制造商必须提交详细报告，细化生产的每一个主要阶段，涵盖制造、组装、设计和开发。这意味着要列出其制造的每台路由器或热点设备中的每一个组件，并说明其来源。
US Manufacturing and Onshoring Plan: This must include “A detailed, time-bound plan to establish or expand manufacturing in the United States for the router for which the applicant is seeking Conditional Approval” to qualify for FCC authorization, along with details about any existing US manufacturing and quarterly status updates on progress. 美国制造与回流计划： 必须包含“一份详细的、有时限的计划，旨在为申请人寻求‘有条件批准’的路由器在美国建立或扩大生产”，以获得FCC授权，同时还需提供有关现有美国制造业务的详细信息，并按季度更新进展情况。

Companies that receive Conditional Approval can continue to sell and update existing devices and release new routers, mesh systems, and mobile hot spots for 18 months. This includes firmware and other software updates for existing and new devices, thus superseding the firmware waiver deadline of March 1, 2027. All new devices are subject to the regular FCC approval process. 获得“有条件批准”的公司可以在18个月内继续销售和更新现有设备，并发布新的路由器、网状网络系统和移动热点。这包括为现有和新设备提供固件及其他软件更新，从而取代了2027年3月1日的固件豁免截止日期。所有新设备仍需接受常规的FCC审批流程。

Companies With Conditional Approval

已获得“有条件批准”的公司

So far, only three companies have been granted Conditional Approval. Here’s the FCC list. 到目前为止，只有三家公司获得了“有条件批准”。以下是FCC公布的名单：

Netgear, a popular US manufacturer of Orbi mesh systems and Nighthawk routers, has been granted a Conditional Approval until October 1, 2027. 网件（Netgear）：一家受欢迎的美国制造商，以Orbi网状系统和Nighthawk路由器闻名，已获得有效期至2027年10月1日的“有条件批准”。
Adtran, which mostly sells to businesses, including cable and telecom companies, was also granted a Conditional Approval until October 1, 2027. Adtran：主要向企业（包括有线电视和电信公司）销售产品，也获得了有效期至2027年10月1日的“有条件批准”。
Eero, Amazon’s mesh router brand, was granted a Conditional Approval until October 31, 2027. Eero：亚马逊旗下的网状路由器品牌，获得了有效期至2027年10月31日的“有条件批准”。

Outside the guidelines, the Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, and FCC have not released any further information on why certain companies have been granted Conditional Approvals. None of these companies has released any detailed information on how they secured a Conditional Approval or about plans for US-based manufacturing. 除指南外，国防部、国土安全部和FCC尚未发布关于为何某些公司获得“有条件批准”的进一步信息。这些公司均未发布关于其如何获得批准或关于美国本土制造计划的任何详细信息。

The Consumer Technology Association (CTA) has appealed via this FCC filing for greater clarity and clearer guidelines. It also raised concerns about software patching and component updates. 消费者技术协会（CTA）已通过此份FCC文件呼吁提供更高的透明度和更明确的指南。该协会还对软件补丁和组件更新提出了担忧。

What About Software Updates?

软件更新怎么办？

The FCC has published a waiver that states, “All routers authorized for use in the United States may continue to receive software and firmware updates that mitigate harm to US consumers at least until March 1, 2027.” FCC发布了一项豁免声明，称：“所有获准在美国使用的路由器，至少在2027年3月1日前，可以继续接收旨在减轻对美国消费者损害的软件和固件更新。”

What happens after that date is not clear. The fear is that… 该日期之后会发生什么尚不清楚。人们担心的是……